tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1452157305603365482024-02-20T19:29:23.592-08:00How can i write a essayVideo Games Topics For A Research Paperbrianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.comBlogger38125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-26418368161453784312020-08-24T13:39:00.001-07:002020-08-24T13:39:06.741-07:00Transferring Family Business Essay ExampleMoving Family Business Essay PFP Guest Family Business Succession Planning January 1, 20XX Page 2 of 9 Transferring Your Family Business As an entrepreneur, youre must choose when will be the correct opportunity to step out of the privately-run company and how youll do it. There are numerous home arranging instruments you can use to move your business. Choosing the correct one will rely upon whether you intend to resign from the business or keep it until you bite the dust. Maybe you have youngsters or other relatives who wish to proceed with the business after your death.Obviously, youll need to move your business to your replacements at its full worth. Nonetheless, with pay, blessing, and potential domain charges, it takes cautious wanting to forestall a few (or the entirety) of the business resources from being offered to pay them, maybe leaving little for your recipients. In this manner, business progression arranging must incorporate ways not exclusively to guarantee the congruity of your business, yet in ad dition to do as such with the littlest conceivable duty outcomes. A portion of the more typical methodologies for limiting duties are clarified quickly in the accompanying sections.Remember, none are without disadvantages. Youll need to counsel an assessment proficient just as your domain arranging lawyer to investigate all procedures. This permits your recipients more opportunity to raise adequate assets or get progressively ideal financing costs. The business must surpass 35 percent of your gross home and should meet different necessities to qualify. Selling your business premium out and out When you sell your business enthusiasm to a relative or another person, you get money (or resources you can change over to money) that can be utilized to keep up your way of life or pay your domain taxes.You pick when to sellnow, at your retirement, at your passing, or whenever in the middle. For whatever length of time that the deal is for the full honest assessment (FMV) of the business, it isn't liable to blessing duty or bequest charge. Be that as it may, if the deal happens before your demise, it might be dependent upon capital increases charge. Moving your business enthusiasm with a purchase sell understanding A purchase sell understanding is a lawful agreement that prearranges the offer of your business enthusiasm among you and a willing buyer.A purchase sell understanding lets you keep control of your enthusiasm until the event of an occasion that the understanding determines, for example, your retirement, inability, or passing. Different occasions like separation can likewise be incorporated as activating occasions under a purchase sell understanding. At the point when the activating occasion happens, the purchaser is committed to purchase your enthusiasm from you or your bequest at the FMV. The purchaser can be an individual, a gathering, (for example, co-proprietors), or the business itself. Cost and deal terms are prearranged, which kills the requirement for a fire deal on the off chance that you become sick or when you die.Remember, you are bound under a purchase sell understanding: You cannot sell or give your business to anybody aside from the purchaser named in the understanding without the purchasers assent. This could confine your capacity to lessen the size of your domain through lifetime endowments of your business intrigue, except if you cautiously organize your bequest arranging objectives with the details of your purchase sell understanding. There are numerous bequest arranging instruments you can use to move your business. Choosing the correct one will rely upon whether you intend to resign from the business or keep it until you die.You and your home may get some alleviation under the Internal Revenue Code If you are set up to start moving a portion of your business enthusiasm to your recipients, a methodical gifting project can help achieve this while limiting the blessing charge risk that may somehow or another be brought about. This is finished by using your capacity to blessing up to $12,000 every year per beneficiary without acquiring blessing charge. By moving segments of your business thusly, after some time you may figure out how to move a noteworthy part of your business liberated from blessing tax.Clearly, the burden of depending exclusively on this technique for moving your business is the measure of time important to finish the exchange of your whole home. Also, Section 6166 of the Internal Revenue Code permits any bequest charges brought about as a result of the consideration of a firmly held business in your home to be conceded for a long time (with intrigue just installments for the initial four years and enthusiasm in addition to head due in the fifth year), and afterward paid in yearly portions over a time of up to 10 years.See disclaimer on definite page January 1, 20XX Page 3 of 9 Grantor held annuity trusts or grantor held unitrusts A progressively modern business progression instru ment is a grantor held annuity trust (GRAT) or a grantor held unitrust (GRUT). GRAT/GRUTs are unalterable trusts to which you move acknowledging resources while holding a salary installment for a set timeframe. At either the finish of the installment time frame or your demise, the benefits in the trust go to the next trust recipients (the rest of estimation of the held pay is deducted from the estimation of the property moved to the trust (I. e. , a portion of the business), so in the event that you live past the predefined pay period, the business might be at last moved to the cutting edge at a decreased an incentive for home duty or blessing charge purposes. A progressively complex business progression apparatus is a grantor held annuity trust (GRAT) or a grantor held unitrust (GRUT). Self-dropping portion notesA self-dropping portion note (SCIN) permits you to move the business to the purchaser in return for a promissory note. The purchaser must make a progression of installments to you under that note. An arrangement in the note expresses that at your demise, the rest of the installments will be dropped. SCINs accommodate a lifetime salary stream and shirking of blessing duty and bequest charge like private annuities. In contrast to private annuities, SCINs give you a security enthusiasm for the moved business. Family constrained partnershipsA family restricted organization can likewise help with moving your business enthusiasm to relatives. To begin with, you build up an association with both general and constrained organization interests. At that point, you move the business to this organization. You hold the general association enthusiasm for yourself, permitting you to keep up power throughout the everyday activity of the business. After some time, you blessing the constrained association enthusiasm to relatives. The estimation of the endowments might be qualified for valuation limits as a minority premium and for absence of marketability.If along thes e lines, you may effectively move a lot of your business to your beneficiaries at critical exchange charge reserve funds. Private annuities A private annuity is the offer of property in return for a guarantee to make installments to you for an incredible remainder. Here, you move total responsibility for business to relatives or another gathering (the purchaser). The purchaser thusly makes a guarantee to make occasional installments to you for a mind-blowing remainder (a solitary life annuity) or for your life and the life of a subsequent individual (a joint and survivor annuity).A joint and survivor annuity gives installments until the passing of the last survivor; that is, installments proceed as long as either the spouse or wife is as yet alive. Once more, in light of the fact that a private annuity is a deal and not a blessing, it permits you to expel resources from your bequest without bringing about blessing duty or domain charge. Until as of late, trading property for an unbo und private annuity permitted you to spread out any increase acknowledged, conceding capital additions charge. Proposed guidelines have successfully dispensed with this advantage for most trades, however.If youre thinking about a private annuity, make certain to converse with a duty proficient. See disclaimer on conclusive page January 1, 20XX Page 4 of 9 Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT) Definition A grantor held annuity trust (GRAT) is a permanent trust into which a grantor makes a one-time move of property, and in which the grantor holds the option to get a fixed measure of head and enthusiasm in any event every year for a predetermined term of years. Toward the finish of the held nterest period or upon the demise of the grantor, whichever is prior, the property staying in the trust goes to the rest of or stays in trust for their advantage. An exchange of property to a permanent trust is an available blessing. The estimation of the blessing on which blessing charge is forced is commonly its honest assessment. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that the grantor holds an enthusiasm for a GRAT, the estimation of the exchange is limited; blessing charge is forced uniquely on the rest of (and any blessing charge due might be protected by the grantors $1 million lifetime blessing charge exemption).This available worth is determined utilizing a loan fee gave by the IRS (known as the rebate rate or Section 7520 rate), which depends on current financing costs and changes month to month. This loan fee expect the GRAT property will acquire a specific pace of return during the annuity time frame. Any real return that surpasses the accepted return goes to the rest of blessing and home tax exempt. Venture execution, hence, is fundamental to this procedure. Key tradeoffs If the GRAT property fails to meet expectations the Section 7520 rate, no expense investment funds is accomplished (and if the GRAT is exhausted, no property is moved to the rest of) If the GRAT property fails to meet expectations the Section 7520 rate, blessing charges paid as well as any pertinent avoidance sum utilized will be squandered (however the sums would be minimal)If the grantor doesn't outlast the term of years, any property staying in the GRAT is includable in the grantors net bequest for government home assessment purposes If the GRAT is fruitless, any expenses brought about to make and keep up the GRAT will be squandered â⬠¢ How is it executed? â⬠¢ Hire an accomplished lawyer to draft the GRAT archive Have property that is moved to GRAT expertly evaluated Transfer property to GRAT (I. e. , r brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-5923805107670304812020-08-22T01:27:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:27:44.429-07:00Free Essays on Enslaved To The Educational SystemOppressed to the Educational System As Canada races towards the 21st century, the estimation of educators has diminished consistently and the interest for instructors has varied drastically, from a slight deficiency to a genuine lack. With respect to this situation, Ontarioââ¬â¢s Education Minister and administrative authorities looked for powerful arrangements in which instructors would intentional acquiescence their moderate timetable for a ââ¬Å"workload increment by one-thirdâ⬠and ââ¬Å"compulsory unpaid overtimeâ⬠(Robertson 2). ââ¬Å"For one term in two, instructors have no planning time at allâ⬠and barely any choices were accessible, therefore numerous educators avoided extra-curricular exercises from their motivation (Robertson 2). This at last moved issues towards an alternate field, in this way creating deficient mentors and coaches. As needs be, the clergyman and government requested ââ¬Å"volunteerism to be compulsoryâ⬠or work would stop (Robertson 1). By underestimating and su bjugating educators to these requests, Ontario is definitely making a temperamental society in which training isn't seen as significant. When will society perceive the associations between social request, monetary motivating force, and successful teachers that shape the countries youth? Educators hold incredible force and control in forming a deliberate, clever society; notwithstanding, ââ¬Å"the Ontario Ministry of instruction has characterized each issue in the training framework as an element of a lot of instructor impact and too minimal common authorityâ⬠(Robertson 1). In any case, by focusing on instruction and instructors less of, Ontario pioneers move a contorted message that educators are neither significant nor significant. Teacherââ¬â¢s unimportant reason for existing is to improve training and advance the interests of instructors, yet with administrative obstruction, educators have more blockades to tear down to proficiently play out their activity. By and by, educating customarily has been one of the most reduced paying employments benefit... Free Essays on Enslaved To The Educational System Free Essays on Enslaved To The Educational System Subjugated to the Educational System As Canada races towards the 21st century, the estimation of instructors has diminished consistently and the interest for educators has changed significantly, from a slight deficiency to a genuine lack. With respect to this situation, Ontarioââ¬â¢s Education Minister and administrative authorities looked for strong arrangements in which educators would intentional acquiescence their moderate calendar for a ââ¬Å"workload increment by one-thirdâ⬠and ââ¬Å"compulsory unpaid overtimeâ⬠(Robertson 2). ââ¬Å"For one term in two, instructors have no planning time at allâ⬠and hardly any alternatives were accessible, thus numerous educators rejected extra-curricular exercises from their motivation (Robertson 2). This at last moved issues towards an alternate field, consequently creating lacking mentors and coaches. As needs be, the pastor and government requested ââ¬Å"volunteerism to be compulsoryâ⬠or business would stop (Robertson 1). By underestimating and opp ressing educators to these requests, Ontario is unavoidably making an unsteady society in which training isn't seen as significant. When will society perceive the associations between social request, monetary motivating force, and compelling instructors that shape the countries youth? Educators hold incredible force and control in forming an efficient, shrewd society; notwithstanding, ââ¬Å"the Ontario Ministry of training has characterized each issue in the instruction framework as a component of an excessive amount of instructor impact and too minimal commonplace authorityâ⬠(Robertson 1). Nonetheless, by focusing on training and educators less of, Ontario pioneers move a twisted message that instructors are neither significant nor significant. Teacherââ¬â¢s unimportant object is to improve training and advance the interests of instructors, yet with legislative impedance, educators have more blockades to tear down to proficiently play out their activity. By and by, educating customarily has been one of the least paying occupations profit... brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-40119166172551466352020-07-21T06:33:00.001-07:002020-07-21T06:33:05.828-07:00How Basic Web Development Languages HTML and CSS Work How Basic Web Development Languages HTML and CSS Work © Shutterstock.com | SiuWingIn this article, we start with 1) the web design using HTML and CSS, then deep dive into 2) HTML and 3) CSS, and finishing the topic by learning 4) where you can improve your HTML and CSS skills.WEB DESIGN USING HTML AND CSSWhat is Web Design/web development?The term web design refers to the development, creation and visual design of the various files and documents that you see on the web. The better the web design, more will the visitors get attracted to a web page, leading to more activity and hence improving the probability of sales. For all website owners, it is important to create not just visually attractive designs but also highly functional ones. While designing a website, one must keep in mind several factors that can lead to a highly interactive page/pages. The quality and appeal of the web design plays an important role in influencing the decision of a visitor to revisit the website.Building a website needs proper planning and thinking so that the result is a design that has high visual appeal as well as a smooth interface. Creation or development of a website is a process involving the right level of creativity, imagination, skills and knowledge. While planning a web design, you can consider the following given tips:Define your target audience The first step is to define your target audience as this will have an impact on your design, content, and other specifications.Clutter-free design It is always better to go for a clutter-free design as simplicity, and the concept of âless is moreâ is often more welcomed by users.Intuitive navigation The functionality and navigation of the website too must be fast, smooth and intuitive in nature. For this, it is better to go for a design with low bandwidth.Brief Intro about Web Development LanguagesA programming language is a language that is used to create content for the internet or web. It is a formally developed language that is created in order to communicate directions and instructions into a machine such as a computer system. There are many types of programming languages which are used to develop several programs that help to control machines and the way they function.Programming can be understood as coding where your aim is to solve a puzzle in order to come up with a clear and translated solution. Programming is the way to make a web page or website appear as an understandable series of written content, visual graphics and colors, etc. But the programming languages, in which web pages are written, do not appear to you as syntax or codes but their translated versions. For example, if a page is written using HTML, which is a programming language, then the visual output wonât be in HTML but in language that you can understand.HTML and CSS are some of the most common and popular languages used to create or design websites. Only those who have learned the coding and structure of these languages can use them to develop websites. The following is a brief of the objective of these languages:Objective of using HTML: HTML can be understood as the style information and page structure of a web page and is a language that provides the basic structure of websites. HTML is further modified and enhanced by other platforms such as CSS and JavaScript.Objective of using CSS: CSS on the other hand is rather a markup language that is used to control the different aspects of web design including a presentation, formatting, and layout.HTMLWhat is HTML?HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language is a programming or web markup language that is used for creation and development of web pages. HTML is the main basis or core of any web page, no matter how complex it is in nature and irrespective of the technologies involved in its creation. Anyone who wants to learn how to create content for the web must first learn HTML. HTML basically provides the general structure for the creation or development of webpages. The elements of a web page such as the headlines, the titles, the links and the text, etc. are all included in an HTML file or document.This language uses tags that identify content, and there are more than hundred different such tags. Tags are basically those elements that provide instructions about how the text would be displayed and how graphics will be visible. This can be better understood by knowing that each web page on the web is made up of a bunch of HTML tags that describe or denote every kind of content present on the page. The content is wrapped up or enclosed within these HTML tags. The âtagâ aspect is represented by open and close brackets within which the content is given. For example, if you had to display the sentence âMy Name is Johnâ on a webpage, then the HTML command that you will give for it will be:p My Name is John/pSince HTML is a markup language, it does not need or require any special editor and one does not need to compile it. HTML can be written in any text editor, but some people als o make use of special HTML editors for the designing or creation of web pages. Also, HTML does not require any server or the help of uploading on the internet to interpret documents on your computer system. Basically, in order to use and learn HTML, you need to memorize as many tags as possible, especially the most important or commonly used ones, which are given as follows:a-this tag helps to create a hyperlink so that a user can go from one page to another.p-this tag denotes a paragraph.br-this tag is used to create a single line break in a page or document.img-this tag is used to denote a space for an image that is linked.b-this tag is used to denote a word or series of words in bold.div-this tag in HTML is used to divide off sections in a document.html-this tag is used to denote the starting of an HTML document.To understand the nuances of writing an HTML code, you can refer to the following example:htmlheadtitleThe first web page/title/headbodyAll the content of the web page co mes here:/body/htmlHow does HTML work?As mentioned above, HTML is the primary or most basic building block of a web page and is a language that helps a web designer create the format or structure of web pages. In order to work with HTML or use it, you will either need a text editor like Notepad or WordPad or an HTML editor. In order to create a file using HTML, you will need to name it as index.htm or index.html. Creating a website or webpage by making use of HTML is a fairly simple process, one that mainly requires you to memorize the tags, know their usage and implement them when needed. While HTML forms the core of all web pages on the internet, it is important to understand that it alone isnât enough and designers may need to use other platforms and programming languages too to come up with a brilliant page or site.Process of creating a website using HTMLStep 1.Creating an HTML docThe first step in creating an HTML document is to select a text editor or HTML editor of your cho ice and then save it under the nameâsample.htmlâ or âsample.htmâ. This means that your file will be stored under this name on your desktop or computer system.Step 2. Know and use the proper structure of an HTML docThe next step for creating a web page is to know the correct and proper structure of an HTML doc and then use it when writing the code. All web pages have a certain format that has to be followed, and the following are the details of this format:The first line of the document identifies the version or the type of HTML that you are using.The rest of the document must be enclosed within html and /html pair of tags.The first part or section of a web page is known as the HEAD, and this means that the page begins with head tag and ends with /head tag. This section contains information for the browser, and this part contains the purpose of the document but the information given in it is not displayed on the web page.The next part of the HTML code contains information tha t is displayed on the web page and this part is known as the BODY and is enclosed within the body and /body pair of tags.Step 3. Work then on smaller pieces of textNow that you have understood the format and structure, it is time to fill in smaller details. Here, it is important to remember that the Head sectionâs most important tag is the TITLE tag that is used to give the title to your web page. This title is not displayed on the web page but lets the browser know the title of your document. This tag is compulsory and cannot be left out. Similarly, the BODY of the document must consist of important tags like âPARAGRAPHâ or p tags so as to distinguish between different paragraphs of the content.Step 4. Displaying imagesAnother important aspect of creating s webpage using HTML is to add images to it. There are two main ways of doing so, and they are given as follows:The first method involves linking the page to another website that has the image that you want to display. This can be done by giving the code: img src=web address alt=logoThe next method is having an images folder and linking your web page to the image directly by following the given code: img src=image source alt=My pictureStep 5. Adjusting colors on your website If you are interested in adjusting colors on your website, then you must understand that HTML color codes are hexadecimal triplets which represent red, green and blue colors which means that if the color is red then the color code #FF0000 is â255â red, â0â green and â0â blue. Every color has a code, and the colors of background, text and tables can be adjusted accordingly.CSSWhat is CSS?CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is a simple language that is used to alter and change the visual appeal and overall appearance of websites. CSS helps to describe how a particular webpage or website on the web will and should look in a web browser. While HTML forms the structure, CSS does the decorating and designing work. Without making us e of this language or programming platform, a web page can look bland and boring. CSS is in charge of the typography, the backgrounds, the colors as well as the other design characteristics.What is really special about CSS is the fact that the same CSS file can be linked to multiple pages which makes it possible for a developer or designer to change the look of several pages simultaneously. This language makes use of a simple and easy to understand syntax that is composed of two parts that are the selector and the declaration. The selector is the one who decides the element on which a rule is applicable whereas the declaration decides the action to be taken on the element.CSS is a set of rules which can be used to assign different properties to HTML. The rules can be applied not just to single sentences or multiple lines but also to entire documents and even several documents. Every browser already has a default or set style sheet but by using CSS, you can edit this style sheet and add your own version of it. CSS thus enables one to make his/her website appear unique, customized in style and high in a visual appeal.How does CSS work?CSS gives your website or webpage a certain element of style by adding colors, changing backdrops, offering interesting fonts and changing the tone and mood of it. It is a highly powerful and effective tool that can add spice to a boring webpage or website. To know how CSS really works, you can read the following given information:Basic CSS Syntax:Selector{property: value;}To understand that syntax, assume that you wish to give a nice red color to your background then you will use the following CSS code:Body{background-color: #FF0000;}Applying CSS to HTML codeNow that you know the basic syntax or code of CSS, it is time to learn how to apply CSS to an HTML code. Basically, there are three different ways of doing so, and they are given as follows: 1. In-Line Method or Attribute StyleBy using the red background color example, you can apply this method by following the given example:html head titledemonstration/title /head body style=background-color: #FF0000; pThis is a red background /p /body /html2. Internal Method or Tag StyleAnother way to apply CSS to HTML is by using the internal method or the tagstyle. Follow the given example to understand this better:html head titledemonstration/title style type=text/css body {background-color: #FF0000;} /style /head body pThis is a red background/p /body /html 3. External Method or Link to a style sheetThis is the third method and in this method, a link is established to a so-called external style sheet. An external style sheet is basically a document that has a .css extension. You can create a link in your HTML document to reach that file so as to take its appearance attributes. Such a link can be created by following the given HTML code:link re l=stylesheet type=text/css href=folder/style.css /In this, the stylesheet has been named style.css and is located inside a folder that is named folder.WHERE CAN YOU IMPROVE YOUR HTML AND CSS SKILLS?If you are someone who is interested in learning HTML and CSS from scratch or improving your skills in order to build your knowledge or be able to create your own webpage or website, then you will be glad to know that there are many online courses and tutorials that can help you get a basic and deep insight into these programming languages. While some courses are full-fledged courses that take weeks to complete, others may be short term tutorials that provide you with the basic know-how. The following are some links that may be of help for the same purpose.Free classes on Codeacademy: One of the best ways to learn how to use HTML and CSS is by logging onto CodeAcademy, which is the one stop address for superb learning, practicing and training of these programming languages. The estimated course time for a course on this platform is 7 hours and in order to start learning, you need to create an account and then sign in with it.Learn web design incl. HTML: This is another platform that not only teaches you how to use HTML and CSS but also the creation of a website from scratch. This is a complete solution for all your needs related to these programming languages and overall web designing. One of the best parts of this website is that it allows you to use a free trial and then sign up to avail the entire course.Learn to code HTML CSS: This website enables you to learn HTML and CSS from scratch. It not only teaches you to know the basics of both but also enables you to work with typography, creating lists, adding media, building forms, writing your best code and setting backgrounds and gradients, etc. It is a simple to use a platform that costs you little and also offers you advanced lessons in the programming languages.Master tricks for HTML: HTML and CSS are simple la nguages, but one needs guidance and training to learn them and master them. This is a platform that helps you learn these languages quickly and in a way that you will become independent while using them or creating your own web pages. brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-11625052038134620512020-05-22T00:18:00.001-07:002020-05-22T00:18:05.591-07:00How I Can Become An Ideal Project Manager - 1619 Words Since I have no experience as a project manager, according what I have collected from above literatures and what I have perceived in my own point of view, I have the following ideas of how I can become an ideal project manager. 1. To be a leader During the past years of working, I have always played the role of team member but never tried to lead a team to actually accomplish a project, so the most challenging trait for me to learn as a project manager is to be a leader. I now know that a project leader should do a lot more than plan, organise, control, coordinate, monitor and closure. While such activities are all very important and must be correctly done, those functions are not enough for a good leader to accomplish. That is to say,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦3) Leadership means dealing with risks During the process of a project, various kind of risk is inevitable because of uncertainties. There is always possibility for threats which may harm the success or completion of the project. As a leader, it is best to eliminate the risk before it really cause any loss of the project, which requires prospective and forward thinking. They are always looking for better ways to take actions on potential risks. And when risk really happens, leaders should be able to take the procedure to minimize the adverse effect of a possible loss, which requires fresh information at any time. The leader should be competent to abstract useful information and find the most efficient ways to deal with risks. 4) Leadership means the ability to motivate those around you To motivate people to realize their maximum potential, a good leader can is get all the team members to perform enthusiastically, confidently. As people around you are from different cultures, motivating implies listening, trusting, empowering, coaching, enable them to work discreetly and creatively. 2. Capable of continual and effective monitor Control and monitor are an important part of every project managerââ¬â¢s job, in this part, the project manager should always think about how to keep the project on-track, on time and within budget. To be honest, I am not a very persistent man, so keepShow MoreRelatedInnovation Management - Role of the Accounting Function867 Words à |à 4 PagesIf you ever become a marketer, then your friend in the company should be the accountant These were the words of advise given to me by my Marketing professor at Red McCombs School of Business in University of Texas, Austin. I recall this statement every time I think of costs involved in new product development or in every marketing endeavor I undertake. The above words also applies to all persons leading an Innovation projects: Be it new product development, process improvement or researchRead MoreResource Scheduling Is A Process Of Selecting Goal Completion Dates For Sub System852 Words à |à 4 Pagespre-arranged style for an overall delivered solution. Project managers use this tool to properly arrange goals based on time constraints given in a set of demands. 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I spent a major amount of time managing the documentRead MoreAssignment #1: Best Practices Essay798 Words à |à 4 PagesJanuary 4, 2013 BUS 5668: Cases in Applied Project Management Assignment #1: Best Practices From 1940 to present, Project Management has continuously advanced from line managers using a small set of processes that were considered nice to have to the formal assignment of one individual assigned as the Project Manager that utilized a formal methodology by which to manage the project. Often the term ââ¬Å"best practicesâ⬠is referenced within a defined methodology. Why must an organization capture best brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-16114378156788957112020-05-07T00:03:00.016-07:002020-05-07T00:05:03.021-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. 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Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. 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The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-62039720643433158472020-05-07T00:03:00.015-07:002020-05-07T00:03:49.762-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-36608150134788660612020-05-07T00:03:00.013-07:002020-05-07T00:03:45.071-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-86250550236099514632020-05-07T00:03:00.011-07:002020-05-07T00:03:43.990-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-8206225492676992652020-05-07T00:03:00.009-07:002020-05-07T00:03:42.606-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-22731206185133182052020-05-07T00:03:00.007-07:002020-05-07T00:03:41.565-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-80135387403323596842020-05-07T00:03:00.005-07:002020-05-07T00:03:38.307-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-78296940244583658902020-05-07T00:03:00.003-07:002020-05-07T00:03:37.794-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-9995538767799303572020-05-07T00:03:00.001-07:002020-05-07T00:03:37.025-07:00The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender ââ¬â PhD, RN, FAAN ââ¬â a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a clientââ¬â¢s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words à |à 6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University ââ¬Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingaleââ¬â¢s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words à |à 5 PagesPenderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College ââ¬Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Penderââ¬â¢s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a personââ¬â¢s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words à |à 7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of oneââ¬â¢s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words à |à 7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.à Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words à |à 5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words à |à 6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words à |à 4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Royââ¬â¢s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Royââ¬â¢s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcettââ¬â¢s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words à |à 7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesclientsââ¬â¢ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words à |à 4 PagesNola Penderââ¬â¢s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The modelââ¬â¢s development was based primarily on Penderââ¬â¢s life experiences brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-8689846005280409142020-05-06T08:56:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:56:37.606-07:00Competitive Intelligence In The Business World Commerce Essay Free Essays string(130) " intelligence Strategic intelligence represents competitory intelligence provided in support of strategic determination devising\." In today ââ¬Ës fast changing concern universe, no-one likes surprises. The ability to be pro-active and non reactive is one of the greatest techniques for making value within an organisation. This requires a uninterrupted procedure of transforming information into intelligence so that a company can pull off the hereafter. We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Intelligence In The Business World Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wining a conflict in the concern country implies, like in any other confrontation, cognizing your opposition, in this instance, the competition, really good. The director can non do a feasible scheme, founded entirely on information about his company. A competitory scheme means that one is competitory because he differentiates himself from the others. And for this, one has to cognize what the others are making. Nowadays the CEO ââ¬Ës demand a warning system which can seasonably present the relevant information from the concern environment, so that they are able to do determinations with a unafraid degree of certainty that allows the company to keep its competitory advantage. The market globalisation and the velocity of scientific discipline and engineering development require the use of supervising systems, capable of placing chance niches indispensable for the growing of the companies. One of the best tools for doing this possible is Competitive Intelligence. This instrument supports the strategic planning in every company. Competitive intelligence in concern organisations has benefited greatly from military and authorities intelligence patterns and cognition. Many of the innovators in the concern intelligence community migrated from a assortment of governmental organisations. They brought a set of constructs and penetrations that have been refined over centuries. Most notably, Sun Tzu ââ¬Ës authoritative work on military intelligence is widely read, and he is credited with being the male parent of intelligence. This construct has proven, along the old ages, its end ( actionable intelligence that will supply a competitory border ) and advantages when applied right. Still, most midsize houses lack dedicated competitory intelligence operations, despite the fact that most concern leaders recognize that their success depends on looking frontward and traveling more rapidly that the competition. Harmonizing to Ben Gilad and Leonard Fuld, competitory intelligence ( CI ) is the action of ethically and lawfully assemblage, analysing, and pass oning information about 3rd party participants in one ââ¬Ës competitory sphere ââ¬â from rivals, to providers, clients, act uponing parties, regulators, distributers, possible new rivals, and so forth, to be used by companies in their planning and determination devising. The procedure of roll uping, hive awaying, analysing and pass oning this market intelligence is today an institutionalised procedure in most big companies. Done decently, this helps a company avoid surprises by expecting rivals ââ¬Ë moves and diminishing response clip. Put merely, competitory intelligence is a method of roll uping and analysing information that lets companies place possible alterations sing rivals before these become obvious. Datas can be gathered from public or private beginnings, from networking with a rival ââ¬Ës staff or clients or from research in the field. A cardinal regulation is that all activity must be legal. CI practicians must besides unwrap their individualities at all times and non cod information under false pretences. Direct Beginnings Passive ââ¬â Web Company sites Portals Search engine ââ¬â Imperativeness releases ââ¬â Industry ( market ) analysis ââ¬â Financial Analysts ââ¬â Employment Ad Active ââ¬â Trade shows ââ¬â Technical conferences ââ¬â Employment ââ¬â Meetings and programs Indirect Beginnings ââ¬â Customer interviews ââ¬â Customer studies ââ¬â Gross saless forces ââ¬â Rep and distributers ââ¬â Suppliers and spouses ââ¬â Former employees The footing of competitory intelligence is cognizing the difference between information and intelligence. This will assist directors acquire on the route to more efficient determination devising. Information is factual. Its Numberss, statistics, disseminated spots of informations about people and companies and what they ââ¬Ëve been making that seems to be of involvement. Information frequently appears to be stating you something but in world it ââ¬Ës non. One ca nââ¬â¢t do good determinations based on information no affair how accurate the information is or no affair how comprehensive it is. Intelligence, on the other manus, is a aggregation of information pieces which have been filtered and analyzed. It has been turned into something that can be acted upon. Intelligence is what directors need to do determinations, non information. Another term for intelligence is knowledge. Milestones in the development of competitory intelligence Organizations collected commercial intelligence since the first trade took topographic point. Books on organisational intelligence aggregation appeared every bit back as the 60 ââ¬Ës but these early efforts at formal intelligence activities for concerns remained largely academic and instead uneffective until 1980, when Michael Porter of Harvard Business School published his book, ââ¬Å" Competitive-Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors â⬠which laid down the theoretical foundation for applied CI. In the late 70 ââ¬Ës Fuld A ; Co and Washington Researchers were the boosters which offered competitory research to corporate clients. In 1986 the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals was founded in the U.S. Accepting the importance of competitory intelligence, major transnational corporations, such as ExxonMobil, Procter A ; Gamble, and Johnson and Johnson, have created formal CI units. Importantly, organisations execute competitory intelligence activities non merely as a precaution to protect against market menaces and alterations, but besides as a method for happening new chances and tendencies. The first professional enfranchisement plan ( CIP ) was created in 1996 with the constitution of The Fuld-Gilad-Herring Academy of Competitive Intelligence in Cambridge, MA. Variations of competitory intelligence Over clip, concerns recognized a signifier of intelligence that was called in assorted ways ( competitory intelligence, concern intelligence, corporate intelligence, competitory information or commercial intelligence ) , but most of the experts have settled to name it competitory intelligence. Regardless of the term that we use, CI is the usage of public beginnings to develop informations about rivals and the market environment and its transmutation in useable information, thorough analysis. When believing about CI, public information refers to the information that one can entree lawfully and ethically. Publicly does non intend needfully published information. The most normally recognized fluctuations of CI are: strategic intelligence rival intelligence ( McGonagle and Vella ) proficient intelligence market intelligence 1. Strategic intelligence Strategic intelligence represents competitory intelligence provided in support of strategic determination devising. This means supplying the highest degrees of direction information on the competitory, economic and political environment in which companies operate now and in which they will run in the hereafter ( See David b. Francis ââ¬Å" Your rivals: who will they be? â⬠Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no.1 1997: 16-23 ) . This type of intelligence by and large supports the senior direction for the overall scheme. The most common applications are in the development of strategic programs, capital investings, political hazard appraisal, amalgamations, acquisitions, joint ventures, corporate programs, R A ; D planning ( See Edwin Ruhil and Sybille Sachs ââ¬Å" Challenges for strategic competitory intelligence and the corporate degree â⬠, Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 4 1997: 54-64 ) . Strategic intelligence involves the appraisal of a house ââ¬Ës direct rivals, the competition environment and its indirect rivals, but an every bit of import portion is the development of intelligence on the long-term alterations caused by all of the forces driving the industry competition ( Larry Kennedy ââ¬Å" Competitive intelligence in concern procedure technology: a survey at digital equipment corporation â⬠Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 2 1997: 8-13 ) . The focal point has to be on factors as engineering tendencies, political hazards and regulative developments. It is designed to warn the company of impending jobs and alarm it to upcoming chances, ever in clip to take needed action ( Mark Sullivan, ââ¬Å" Using competitory intelligence to develop a strategic direction action- oriented measuring system â⬠, Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 2 1997: 34-43. ) . 2. Rival intelligence Competitor intelligence is the usage of public beginnings to turn up and develop informations that are so transformed into information about rivals, their capablenesss, current activities, programs and purposes. The function of this type of intelligence is to assist the operating directors within strategic concern units or merchandise directors and other people involved in the procedure of merchandise or concern development. 3. Market intelligence Market intelligence is intelligence developed on the really current activities in the market place ( See Kenneth A. Sawka, ââ¬Å" Warning Analysis: a hazardous concern â⬠, Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no. 4, 1997:83-84 ) . Market intelligence depends on extremely developed package tools and analytical accomplishments extremely trained people to supply market cognition, professional expertness and selling penetration. The information should be received fast and detailed so that they enable a house to happen out information sing the success of failure of its merchandise publicity, the following moves of the rivals sing their publicities and possibilities of cross-promoting the merchandise. Frequently users of market intelligence are marketing sections and market planning section because they use the feedback on the success or failure of old gross revenues attempts. 4. Technical intelligence Technical intelligence activities enable a house to react fast to menaces and to place the chances which result from proficient and scientific development. It is believed that TI is a map which if it is executed decently, could ensue in a economy of 10 to 100 times the investing in the map ( See Davis C. Pring, ââ¬Å" Competitive Intelligence and Market Research: Filling the Gaps â⬠in Global positions on CI, erectile dysfunction. John E. Prescott and Patrick T. Gibbons, 1993, 223-239 ) . Technical intelligence can supply information about the methods and procedures used by the rivals, their dependance on outside engineering, patents or new engineering acquired, the capablenesss of the rivals ââ¬Ë R A ; D staff, appraisals about outgos for this section. TI chiefly focuses on technological tendency instead than on the market 1s. A portion of the experts considers that it should be more concerned about the chances of the house, than on the menaces to the house. Active and defensive CI When CI started to go popular, there was no treatment of anything besides the actions designed to roll up information about the rivals, called active rival intelligence. During its development, analysts started to recognize that what they were making, it could be go oning to them besides. This led to a new involvement towards activities that were destined to protect companies against CI activities from other companies, called defensive rival intelligence. Active CI procedures are those aimed at roll uping natural informations every bit good as analysing those informations to supply finished intelligence. The end of a defensive plan is to do life much more hard for your rival ââ¬Ës intelligence analysts, so they will give your house more operating flexibleness. Counterintelligence is the procedure of countering, forestalling the intelligence garnering attempt of other parties, your rivals. It has to be understood as a portion of an on-going procedure. This plan ââ¬Ës effectivity is measured through minimisation of losingss due to the competitory intelligence attempt of the rivals. Many companies are really careful to protect their physical buttocks, but it is far more of import to protect the intangible assets of the company. Cloaked rivals are those that protect themselves from the intelligence assemblage attempts of their rivals. For making this, the most of import facet is to understand how rivals work, which channels they use, and the techniques they use. One has to deprive rivals of a few cardinal pieces of informations that are critical for the large image of the analysis ( Deborah C. Sawyer, ââ¬Å" Specifying your competition: Dardan Horses, Fifth Columns, and other menaces â⬠, competitory intelligence magazine 3, April -June: 45-46 ) . Implementing competitory intelligence ââ¬â the CI procedure Although the chief occupation of competitory intelligence is to back up direction determination devising, holding a methodical competitory intelligence system in topographic point can assist the company address many different issues. A methodical competitory intelligence plan can: Anticipate alterations in the market place. Anticipate actions of rivals. Discover new or possible rivals. Learn from the successes and failures of others. Increase the scope and quality of profitable marks. Learn about new engineerings, merchandises and processes that affect the company ââ¬Ës concern. Learn about political, legislative or administrative alterations that can impact the company ââ¬Ës concern. Enter new concerns. Expression at the company ââ¬Ës ain concern patterns with an unfastened head. Help implement the latest direction tools. The CI procedure is most normally divided into four basic phases, which make up what is known as the CI rhythm: Planning: this means set uping the demands of the company. On one manus, the directors of the company acknowledge the demand for CI and, on the other manus, they define what sort of CI the company needs. It besides means what inquiries the directors want to reply with the CI, who else may be utilizing CI, and how, by whom, and when the CI will eventually be used.This is besides the portion of the rhythm in which the competitory intelligence practician decides which class he should take in carry throughing his undertaking. This phase can besides be thought of as the other terminal of the intelligence rhythm because one time specific intelligence is delivered to the determination shaper his consecutive actions ââ¬â based on that intelligence ââ¬â will excite farther intelligence demands. The company ââ¬Ës state of affairs will surely alter based on those actions. Gathering: this stage involves the existent assemblage of natural information from which intelligence will be produced. The huge bulk of aggregation stuffs are public sphere significance they are available to anyone who knows where to look. Beginnings include periodicals, one-year studies, books, broadcasts, addresss, databases and so on. Creative aggregators can normally happen anything they need lawfully and ethically. Collection besides involves treating information so that it can be transmitted and stored electronically if desired. Once in electronic signifier it can be manipulated into a signifier which allows it to be analyzed. Analysis: this is by and large considered the most hard portion of the intelligence rhythm. Analysis requires great accomplishments and daring because it requires the analyst to weigh information, expression for forms and come up with different scenarios based on what he has learned. Even though analysis is based on logic and difficult information, analysts must sometimes ââ¬Ëfill in the spaces ââ¬Ë and do intelligent conjectures about possible results. Dissemination: this measure involves administering the intelligence merchandise to those who requested it. It ââ¬Ës the clip when the analysts will propose possible classs of action based on his work. He must be able to stress his recommendations and support them with logical statements. The ensuing intelligence will besides be distributed to others in the company who can utilize it. The concluding signifier of the CI, every bit good as its timeliness/opportuneness and security are of import considerations. Surveies have shown that the distribution of the attempt the CI professionals spend among these four phases of the CI rhythm is about as follows: Needs ââ¬â 20 % Gathering ââ¬â 30 % Analysis ââ¬â 40 % Dissemination ââ¬â 10 % The component that runs through and straight links all the stages of the CI rhythm is the demand to supervise, on a uninterrupted footing, what the company has done and how good. The end is to supply feedback from each stage to the other three of the CI rhythm. By making this, the company can better both the merchandise of an single assignment and the full CI procedure even as the organisation is utilizing it. Feedback to and from each stage of CI to all others is indispensable. That feedback generates a changeless reappraisal that seeks to raise and so reply inquiry like: Are the CI marks still rectify? Should the CI unit attention deficit disorder or delete marks, countries of involvement and so on? ââ¬Å" Know the enemy and cognize yourself ; in a 100 conflicts you will neââ¬â¢er be in hazard â⬠Sun Tsu: The Art of the War Best Practices There are several points that we need to see throughout the competitory intelligence procedure. Undertakings to be performed by CI Professionals ( See CI Education Harvard Style by Ben Gilad, Competitive Intelligence Magazine, Volume 6, Number 4 ) : Go beyond internet hunts: collect from human resources. Travel beyond public databases: roll up hard-to-get information from less obvious beginnings. Go beyond rivals: analyze whole markets and industries. Go beyond inactive analysis and current market statistics: predict alteration. Travel beyond marketing intelligence: understand finance and cost accounting. Travel beyond selling, finance, and cost: understand scheme. Go beyond scheme: understand hazard. Time is critical Awkwardness is the enemy of competitory intelligence. Having cognition about something three hebdomads after you need to move is of small value. One needs to inquire himself, from where will he acquire the information and how long will it take. This requires a really deliberate and strong competitory intelligence attempt. Without a serious committedness to competitory intelligence, clip will wipe out whatever hope one has for effectual decision-making. The aim should be to shut the spread between when the event occurred and when 1 has the cognition to move. Remain Impersonal Although it ââ¬Ës non easy, it is critical that competitory intelligence remains free of prejudice, supplying impersonal type consequences. Competitive intelligence is non intended to back up an bing direction determination. Good competitory intelligence should talk the truth and allow direction make up oneââ¬â¢s mind how it wants to continue. One manner to guarantee that competitory intelligence is impersonal, is to do it independent, similar to other independent maps such as internal auditing. Besides, where one places competitory intelligence within the organisation can act upon the ââ¬Å" freedom â⬠that competitory intelligence has. Alternatively of doing it a sub-section of selling, make competitory intelligence accessible to all maps. The CI Function tends to suit good with maps like Strategic Planning and Knowledge Management. Large Egos putting to deaths CI ââ¬â One ground competitory intelligence is non widely used is simple ââ¬â it can be really unpopular. Competitive intelligence can belie what direction has been recommending. And if direction is non willing to listen to competitory intelligence, so it will hold small value. Travel where the information is Sometimes competitory intelligence can be extremely effectual through insouciant and obvious beginnings of information ( See Guy Kawasaki ââ¬â How to drive your competition loony ) . There are some simple stairss for understanding the competition: Shop the competition, go a client of the competition, query the rival ââ¬Ës clients, inquire the authorities about the competition and go friends with a research bibliothec. One of the more clip devouring activities within competitory intelligence can be roll uping and categorising information. So cognizing where to look can be half the conflict. One needs to pass clip speaking to people who are in the know. Challenge conventional thought Great competitory intelligence will dispute direction to believe in new ways. There are excessively many alterations taking topographic point in the universe today. There is no manner direction should be comfy with the position quo. Therefore, competitory intelligence should intentionally prove and formalize critical direction determinations. Similarly, direction should welcome and promote competitory intelligence to dispute both tactical and strategic decision-making. Competitive intelligence should be a world cheque. The Learning Organization ââ¬â Competitive Intelligence becomes priceless when it changes the behaviour of an organisation. This is best accomplished when the organisation becomes a learning organisation. Act ethically Competitive intelligence should non prosecute in illegal Acts of the Apostless. Additionally, competitory intelligence should non endanger the repute of a company. Fuld A ; Company recommends the undermentioned 10 commandments of competitory intelligence: 1. Make non lie when stand foring yourself. 2. Detect your company ââ¬Ës legal guidelines. 3. Make non in secret enter an interview if it is against the jurisprudence. 4. Make non publish a payoff. 5. Make non utilize listen ining devices. 6. Make non misdirect anyone in an interview. 7. Make non trade monetary value information or capacity with a viing company. 8. Make non administer or interchange misinformation. 9. Make non steal a trade secret. 10. Make non knowingly pump person for information that could give that individual ââ¬Ës occupation or repute. CI is non descrying ââ¬â Some people equate competitory intelligence with descrying. Competitive Intelligence is non about descrying, it ââ¬Ës about cognition. Partner with Risk Management Over the last several old ages, there has been increased accent on Risk Management ââ¬â protecting the company from unexpected losingss. However, Risk Management is really internally focused ; things like control processs within the company, security precautions, mandates and blessings, transparence in coverage, and so away. Since hazard direction is internal, we need to congratulate hazard direction with competitory intelligence. The ground is simple ââ¬â Curie is externally focussed and these external forces have major hazard deductions. Therefore, it is highly of import to unite RM and CI for a comprehensive attack to put on the line direction. Human intelligence Intelligence collected and analyzed by and from human beginnings is frequently the finding factor behind your intelligence capablenesss. Those organisations with extended human beginnings as opposed to over-reliance on published beginnings will hold superior competitory intelligence capablenesss. This will take to increased effectivity in strategic decision-making, giving the company a cardinal competitory advantage. Infrastructure before package No uncertainty that many professionals will seek out a package solution to competitory intelligence. Although engineering can assist ( and it continues to germinate ) , the director should concentrate most of his attempts on constructing the substructure ( staffing, preparation, processes, etc. ) associated with competitory intelligence. One should nââ¬â¢t work in contrary, coercing the procedures to suit some package solution ââ¬â design the procedures foremost and so supplement the competitory intelligence with investings in basic engineerings. Additionally, one may desire to leverage bing engineerings, such as internal databases, intranets and other applications for constructing your CI substructure. World Class CI takes clip ââ¬â The usual clip required to construct a first competitory intelligence plan is between 5 and 7 old ages. How to cite Competitive Intelligence In The Business World Commerce Essay, Essay examples brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-25026053289583858392020-04-26T22:08:00.001-07:002020-04-26T22:08:03.033-07:00Macbeth Symbolism Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Macbeth Symbolism In our society, darkness tends to be the primary characteristic of evil. A black cat, a dark and stormy night, and a dark alley, for instance, are all modern day symbols of wickedness and evil. Authors many times will use these and other symbols to describe an evil character or setting. William Shakespeare employs the imagery of darkness throughout his play of Macbeth. He uses dark images often to describe instruments of disorder and the evils which characters act upon. In Macbeth, Shakespeare's use of the night's dark hour's give a sense of evil to the play. The words, actions, and descriptions of people such as the witches, Macbeth shows this, and even of other characters who are thought to be against all evil. Evil is present throughout the play, at a time when there is no light, and Scotland is covered by a shadow of darkness. In Macbeth, the witches are a prime source of darkness. First of all, the place and time of the witch's meetings all take on the feeling of darkness. The only times of their meetings are in the middle of the night, and often in terrible conditions of thunder and lightning. The witches meet in a dark cave. The cave is an appropriate setting for the witches because caves are murky and gloomy, and tend to represent the ideas of the underworld and hell. From the conditions and the location that the witches meet, a feeling of evil is already created. The appearance of the witches also adds to the feeling of darkness and evil. The witches are described as being, secret, black, and midnight hags! by Macbeth himself (Act IV, i, 47). The image today of a witch is an old, ugly woman who dresses all in black, and has a wart on her nose, and rides around on a broomstick. The picture hasn't changed much, except for the fact she now rides around on a broom. Witches still practice their magic, cast ing spells and hexes, looking into the future, and creating mystical potions, all things that manifest wickedness. Banquo even refers to the witches as instruments of darkness (Act I, iii, 125) after their first prophecy comes true. The witch's dark meeting place and dark appearance all emphasize their evil nature and the feeling of evil in the play. Nighttime is obviously a key setting for darkness and evil. Besides the witches meeting only at night, the dark hours also host other major event which take place in the play. The murdering of King Duncan takes place at night. Once again, nighttime is a host for the most evil of deeds. Death is by far one of the most villainous acts, and the fact that it takes place at night ties it in with darkness representing evil in the play. Macbeth chooses to murder the king at night because it is the most concealing time to do it. Everyone has retired to their chambers and is sleeping when Macbeth goes to do is evil act. He is able to sneak into the king's room and kill him without waking anyone, and quickly washes his hands and returns to his own room. When Macduff and Malcom wake the castle, Macbeth has already unclothed himself to look as if he were just waking up from the commotion. When the King is discovered dead, all meets in their pajamas and no one is suspected of being awake and kill ing the King. Let's briefly put on manly readiness, and meet i' th' hall together, says Macbeth to put distance between him and the murder. Darkness and the nighttime, in this case, help Macbeth to hide his evil actions. Nighttime is also the time in which Banquo is murdered. Banquo and his son must leave one day from Scone, but will make it back in time for Macbeth's banquet. As far, my lord, as I will fill up the time?I must become a borrower of the night. For a dark hour of twain, Banquo says to Macbeth, stating his intentions. When Macbeth hears that Banquo and Fleance will be returning home at night, he commissions two murderers and says to them The moment on't; for't must be done tonight?Of that brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-30418878619783542602020-03-19T02:56:00.001-07:002020-03-19T02:56:03.485-07:00MONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION Essays - Computer Storage DevicesMONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION Essays - Computer Storage Devices MONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION PERFORMANCE MONITOR AND NETWORK MONITOR PERFORMANCE MONITOR Windows NT Object Counters in Performance Monitor OBJECTPURPOSE CacheL2 cache performance Logical diskMass storage performance, including network storage MemoryMemory performance and usage ObjectsProcess and tread counts Paging fileVirtual memory usage Physical diskHD performance Process Performance of executing processes Processor Processor(s) performance SystemWindows NT performance Thread Individual thread performance You will also see objects for each network service installed. MONITORING FOR PROCESSOR BOTTLENECKS MAJOR PROCESSOR RELATED COUNTERS TO WATCH: Processor: %Processor Time - How busy the microprocessor is. Processor is a bottleneck if sustained >80% Processor: Interrupts/sec - Rate of service requests from peripheral devices. If you have a high rate of interrupts/sec with no corresponding hardware functions then you may have a bad piece of hardware. Should be between 100 and 1000. Spikes to 2000 are ok. System: Processor queue length - Number of threads waiting to be serviced. >2 then processor is a bottleneck. Queue length will always be zero unless you are also monitoring a thread specific counter (Context switches/sec is number of threads switched/sec by the processor and is good to use). MONITORING THE DISK FOR BOTTLENECKS IF THE DISK LIGHT IS ON ALL THE TIME, YOU NEED MORE RAM More Ram will increase the size of the disk cache and decrease page swapping to disk and will increase the apparent speed of the disk. Logical disk vs. Physical disk Two different objects in Performance monitor. Logical disk measures performance of stripe sets, volume sets and mapped network drives. Physical disk measures real transfers to and from actual hard disk or RAID set. Used to compare disks and to provide specific information about a disk. MAJOR DISK RELATED COUNTERS TO WATCH: Memory: Pages/sec shows the number of memory pages swapped out to disk per second. Useful with %disk time: modify the size of the page file and watch the result of these two disk counters. %Disk time does not directly measure the disk. It shows how much time the processor is spending servicing disk requests. Use with Processor: %Processor Time to determine if the disk is eating up the processor. Disk bytes per second shows how fast your disk is. Copy a big file and see if your disk is way fast or a piece of junk. Average disk bytes per transfer shows how big the average transfer is. Larger transfers are more efficient. Current Disk queue length shows how much data is waiting to be transferred to disk. A long queue means you need a faster disk. NOTE: You must enable disk counters, they are disabled by default and will cause a degradation of about 2% in performance due to processor load of the counter. To enable disk performance counters: type diskperf -y at the command prompt to enable auto counter startup at boot. Reboot. To disable disk performance counters: type diskperf -n at the command prompt to disable auto counter startup at boot. Reboot. NETWORK MONITOR Is a trimmed down version of what ships with SMS. Is installed by adding Network monitor tools and agent through the services tab of the network icon in control panel. Can provide real time and cumulative saved data. FOUR MAIN SECTIONS Bar graph in real time. Session statistics shows cumulative data about conversations taking place on the network in real time. Station statistics shows information on each conversation. You must specify the machine (station) you want to monitor and is cumulative for the monitoring period. Summary statistics are cumulative and show network, captured, per second, NIC (MAC), and NIC error statistics. Data can be filtered by protocol, computer address, or protocol properties. Filter by computer address to identify a NIC sending data frames when not in use (bad NIC). Netmon can be dual password protected and will let you identify other instances of Netmon running on the network. This is to prevent unauthorized users from capturing data to which they do not have permission to access. Conflict Sybex Network Press: MCSE NT Server 4 Study Guide says, ?The limited version of network monitor that ships with Windows NT Server does not support promiscuous mode. Therefore, it can capture only packets sent to the server or to all stations.? But? Windows NT Online Help for Performance Monitor says, The Nework Monitor agent collects statistics from the computer?s network adapter card by putting it in promiscuous mode.? brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-81363884767137696322020-03-02T18:41:00.001-08:002020-03-02T18:41:03.697-08:0010 Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Start Getting Important Stuff Done!10 Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Start Getting Important Stuff Done! About a year ago, I decided it was time to create a customer service survey. So I went on line, found a surveying program and created some questions. I even went so far as to show it to my business coach, Susan Thomson, to get her feedback. She made some suggestions which I incorporated. Then I did what so many of us do mid-project, which was to sit on my butt. The survey sat there, all dressed up and nowhere to go. I didnââ¬â¢t send it to a single soul. Things go that way sometimes. I have a flip camera, for instance, that I bought two years ago and used for the first timeâ⬠¦ ummmâ⬠¦ a month ago. Even then, I did not post the video I took with the camera. There are also certain collections of notes and papers ââ¬â the ones Iââ¬â¢m not sure what to do with ââ¬â that gather dust in piles. And my new printer sat in its box on the floor of my office for a week before I finally pulled it out and set it up. All these tasks, and more, live in the realm of ââ¬Å"Important, not Urgent,â⬠one of the four quadrants identified by Steven Covey in his best-selling business management book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. Often, until something happens to make one of these items urgent (such as I need to print something and I canââ¬â¢t get my old printer to work), I am likely to procrastinate completing the task. Letting ââ¬Å"Important, not Urgentâ⬠tasks fall by the wayside leads to a high-pressure life. If I wait until an item is urgent before doing it, then I set myself up for stress. Everything is always urgent! Plus I never get things done that would make a huge difference for me or my business, even though they might be high-priority tasks. Surveying my customers is one of those items that is highly important for my business, but not urgent. It will never get done if I wait for it to become urgent. I have found a few tricks that help me break through the wall of resistance that keeps ââ¬Å"Important, not Urgentâ⬠things from getting done. 1. Take stock. Identify whatââ¬â¢s important. Every quarter, I attend a meeting of small businesses through a business coaching organization, ActionCOACH. During these quarterly workdays, we go through exercises that are hugely valuable in getting perspective on our business priorities. This past January, client contact and assessment came up as a high priority for The Essay Expert. When I created my calendar of tasks to complete over the quarter, my stagnating client survey came up high on the list of things to do. 2. Break it down. Important tasks often seem overwhelming because they are multi-faceted. If I can break the tasks down into small, attackable pieces, then I stop feeling overwhelmed. I know I can do something like ââ¬Å"Call virtual assistant to talk about survey options.â⬠Itââ¬â¢s so much less intimidating than ââ¬Å"Survey all my past clients.â⬠3. Put it on the calendar. If my calendar tells me to ââ¬Å"Prepare surveyâ⬠or ââ¬Å"create list of emails for survey recipientsâ⬠at a certain date and time, I will either do it at that date and time or reschedule it so it gets done. I am a slave to my calendar and thatââ¬â¢s a good thing. After my quarterly workday in January, survey-related tasks went onto my calendar. They started to get done. [This calendaring system is how I get my blog written every week as well. Itââ¬â¢s on my calendar, so I do it!] 4. Make promises to other people. Create accountability! In my January blog article, The Essay Expertââ¬â¢s New Yearââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Ressaylutionsâ⬠- Completing 2011 and Creating 2012, I promised you that I would be sending out a client survey. Suddenly I became accountable to someone else. Since I wanted to announce at the end of 2012 that I did what I promised, I got into action! 5. Get help. It didnââ¬â¢t take me long to realize that I was not going to do this survey thing on my own. So I got help. My new virtual assistant, Jeanne, handled some of the logistical pieces of getting the survey finalized and sent out. I asked my web designer to take care of creating a new email address, clientsurvey@theessayexpert.com, for purposes of administering the survey. Getting the support I needed accelerated the project tremendously. 6. Know the tools at your disposal. If youââ¬â¢re sending out a survey, it helps to use Survey Monkey. If you want to get piles of notes and papers off your desk, it helps to use a scanner and the brilliant cloud-based note-organizing program Evernote (www.evernote.com). If you draw on your resources, you will almost always find an easier and/or alternative way to do what youââ¬â¢ve been putting off. Ask around. Be on the lookout for new tools and techniques. Those overwhelming tasks might not be as complicated as you had imagined. 7. Take action. It always comes down to just doing it. If I donââ¬â¢t take action, then regardless of how many action items are on my calendar, I wonââ¬â¢t get results. If I take action, especially well-considered action (see #1-6), I have a fighting chance! 8. Keep taking action. This item might sound a lot like #7. But itââ¬â¢s different. Someone very smart said that the secret to getting results in life is to keep taking action until you get them. You might take initial action, not get the result you want, and promptly give up. The key to getting important stuff done is to stay in action even when things look like theyââ¬â¢re not working or not going fast enough. If you give up on taking action, you give up on your results. 9. Take responsibility. Whether your important tasks are getting done or not, you are the one who is responsible for the situation. Blaming outside circumstances (ââ¬Å"The survey program wouldnââ¬â¢t let me ask the questions I wanted to ask!â⬠or ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t have time!â⬠) will stall you out. In the survey project, many things interrupted me and presented obstacles. I chose to find a way around them. 10. Celebrate! I am going to celebrate getting my survey out. Sure, there will be a whole set of new tasks to conquer when this one is complete. But first itââ¬â¢s time to acknowledge what got done. And it IS going out!! Step by step, with lots of support along the way, I completed this important task. If you are a past client, you probably got an email yesterday requesting that you complete The Essay Expertââ¬â¢s client survey. If not, please take some time to respond now. TEE Client Survey. I look forward to being able to report on the results! Iââ¬â¢d love to hear what tasks you are putting off that might get done if you put the eight items above into action. What progress will you be able to celebrate three months from now? ðŸâ¢â Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: February 22, 2012 at 9:58 am Youre welcome Jan! Id love to hear how these tips have worked for you in your life. Log in to Reply brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-73437475616098139432020-02-15T10:08:00.001-08:002020-02-15T10:08:02.827-08:00Assistive Technology Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsAssistive Technology Proposal - Research Paper Example or values within a targeted population while Quantitative research is mainly based on measurement of quantity or amount and is applicable on to phenomenon that can be expressed in quantitative form. (Kothari 2004) The research topic, ââ¬Å"advantages and disadvantages of assistive technologyâ⬠, seeks to find out opinions from the population therefore it qualifies to be a qualitative research rather than quantitative research. It engages the use interview schedules, closed questionnaires. These research interview instruments should be properly designed. (Denscombe1998) Before obtaining data it is necessary to come up with a sample size which should be the true reflection of the characteristic of the population targeted. Sampling is done to help save time, money among other resources. It is not easy to conduct research one by one to capture the entire population thus the necessity of sampling. (Kothari 2004) As noted earlier, qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon relating to or does involve quality. In order to obtain data the researcher will engage various techniques of; focus group interview, projective interview, and in depth interview. In depth interview is commonly used technique due to its effectiveness in collecting data in a given face to face research problem. During in depth interview the interviewer ask questions and the respondent answers, in this case the interviewer is considered student and the respondent is considered expert. (Denscombe1998) Researcher engage with the participant by posing questions one after the other in neutral manner to avoid leading answers. Interviewer pays attention to the responses given by the respondent and applying probing techniques where necessary to get more information. After the interview the data obtained shall be coded according to participantââ¬â¢s response to each question Focus group is mainly concerned with obtaining information that relates to community or sub group. Here two or more brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-52200902776520778702020-02-02T07:25:00.001-08:002020-02-02T07:25:03.488-08:00Direct marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsDirect marketing - Essay Example Technology like the internet with its email facilities, websites and mobiles enable marketers to advertise directly to customers and potential buyers (Johnson 2005). Firms find it easier to market in such a manner because this sort of marketing helps them to target only those customers who would be interested in their products. Only those customers approach the outlets that have some sort of a keen interest in the products and this helps avoid window shoppers who waste time and therefore add to costs (Hyde 2008). This also helps in directly marketing efforts in a specific direction to specified people instead of mass marketing and going haywire with advertisements splashed all over the media like the TV, radio, billboards across cities and countries requiring exorbitant budgets(Kotler 2003). Direct marketing can be carried out in several ways which include directly mailing the customer, emailing , telemarketing etc. the benefits of direct marketing are several besides those mentioned above. The data of the customers of your product can be collected and it can even be purchased. This data is traceable, track able and can really help in further researching and improving the product and marketing methods. The preferences of the customers can be known and can be helpful especially when new products are to be launched (Thornton 1995). According to Kotler (2003) the downside is that since this data can be purchased, just anyone can purchase it and thus the consumers may get mails that they donââ¬â¢t want and may be irritated by telemarketing phone calls. The emails that the consumers get may not even reach the consumers who may disregard such mails as junk or block them out completely. The firms marketing in such a way may not know if the prospective consumers are reading the mails or discarding them but then again itââ¬â¢s a risk that every form of advertising incurs (Kotler 2003). Research shows that shifting to direct brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-40636272540281443792020-01-25T03:49:00.001-08:002020-01-25T03:49:02.561-08:00The Relationship Between Food Concentration, And Respiratory Activity :: essays research papers fc The Relationship Between Food Concentration, and Respiratory Activity In this experiment different concentrations of sucrose were tested to determine which leads to the most respiratory activity in yeast. Yeast is a heterotrophic anaerobic fungus which lacks chlorophyll. Yeast is used commercially to ferment the sugars of wheat, barley, and corn to produce alcohol, and in the baking industry to raise or expand dough. Yeast or alcoholic fermentation is the anaerobic process of respiration by which sugars, such as glucose and sucrose, are converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). This process is illustrated in the following equation: yeast C12H22O11 + H2O ---> 4 CH3CH2OH + 4 CO2 sucrose + water (yields) ethanol + carbon dioxide à à à à à In order to determine what concentration of sucrose and water leads to the most respiratory activity, ten large test tubes were set with different concentrations by the process of serial dilution. The first test tube was filled with 40 ml of 60% sucrose solution. Then, the nine remaining test tubes were serially diluted, so that the sucrose concentration ranged from 30% to 0.12%. à à à à à The hypothesis in this expriment was that the most respiratory activity would take place with 60% sucrose concentration. Since yeast fermentation requires sucrose and water, aproximately equal proportions of both would yield to the most respiratory activity. à à à à à Once the sucrose concentration was serially cut to the desired level, the experimenter added 5 ml of yeast suspension to each one of the ten test tubes. à à à à à Then, ten small test tubes were placed invertedly into each one of the large test tubes, making sure no air bubbles remained within the small tibes. à à à à à The test tubes were left 24 hours, allowing for fermentation to take place. But, no respiratory activity was detected. à à à à à In previous experimentation, it was found that yeast fermentation did take place in different molasses concentrations. Since, molasses contains large quantities of sucrose, it was assumed that different concentrations of brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-44172747274714654042020-01-17T00:13:00.001-08:002020-01-17T00:13:04.960-08:00An Analysis of The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale by Margaret AtwoodThe Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale Margaret Atwood Context Margaret Atwood was born in Ottawa, Ontario, on November 18, 1939. She published her first book of poetry in 1961 while attending the University of Toronto. She later received degrees from both Radcliffe College and Harvard University, and pursued a career in teaching at the university level. Her first novel, The Edible Woman, was published in 1969 to wide acclaim. Atwood continued teaching as her literary career blossomed. She has lectured widely and has served as a writer-inââ¬âresidence at colleges ranging from the University of Toronto to Macquarie University in Australia.Atwood wrote The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale in West Berlin and Alabama in the mid-1980s. The novel, published in 1986, quickly became a best-seller. The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale falls squarely within the twentieth-century tradition of anti-utopian, or ââ¬Å"dystopianâ⬠novels, exemplified by classics like Aldous Huxleyââ¬â¢s Brave New World and George Orw ellââ¬â¢s 1984. Novels in this genre present imagined worlds and societies that are not ideals, but instead are terrifying or restrictive. Atwoodââ¬â¢s novel offers a strongly feminist vision of dystopia.She wrote it shortly after the elections of Ronald Reagan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in Great Britain, during a period of conservative revival in the West partly fueled by a strong, well-organized movement of religious conservatives who criticized what they perceived as the excesses of the ââ¬Å"sexual revolutionâ⬠of the 1960s and 1970s. The growing power of this ââ¬Å"religious rightâ⬠heightened feminist fears that the gains women had made in previous decades would be reversed. In The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale, Atwood explores the consequences of a reversal of womenââ¬â¢s rights.In the novelââ¬â¢s nightmare world of Gilead, a group of conservative religious extremists has taken power and turned the sexual revolution on its head. Feminists argu ed for liberation from traditional gender roles, but Gilead is a society founded on a ââ¬Å"return to traditional valuesâ⬠and gender roles, and on the subjugation of women by men. What feminists considered the great triumphs of the 1970sââ¬ânamely, widespread access to contraception, the legalization of abortion, and the increasing political influence of female votersââ¬âhave all been undone. Women in Gilead are not only forbidden to vote, they are forbidden to read or write.Atwoodââ¬â¢s novel also paints a picture of a world undone by pollution and infertility, reflecting 1980s fears about declining birthrates, the dangers of nuclear power, and -environmental degradation. Some of the novelââ¬â¢s concerns seem dated today, and its implicit condemnation of the political goals of Americaââ¬â¢s religious conservatives has been criticized as unfair and overly paranoid. Nonetheless, The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale remains one of the most powerful recent portrayals of a totalitarian society, and one of the few dystopian novels to examine in detail the intersection of politics and sexuality.The novelââ¬â¢s exploration of the controversial politics of reproduction seems likely to guarantee Atwoodââ¬â¢s novel a readership well into the twenty-first century. Atwood lives in Toronto with novelist Graeme Gibson and their daughter, Jess. Her most recent novel, The Blind Assassin, won Great Britainââ¬â¢s Booker Prize for literature in 2000. Plot Overview Offred is a Handmaid in the Republic of Gilead, a totalitarian and theocratic state that has replaced the United States of America. Because of dangerously low reproduction rates, Handmaids are assigned to bear children for elite couples that have trouble conceiving.Offred serves the Commander and his wife, Serena Joy, a former gospel singer and advocate for ââ¬Å"traditional values. â⬠Offred is not the narratorââ¬â¢s real nameââ¬âHandmaid names consist of the word ââ¬Å"ofâ⬠f ollowed by the name of the Handmaidââ¬â¢s Commander. Every month, when Offred is at the right point in her menstrual cycle, she must have impersonal, wordless sex with the Commander while Serena sits behind her, holding her hands. Offredââ¬â¢s freedom, like the freedom of all women, is completely restricted.She can leave the house only on shopping trips, the door to her room cannot be completely shut, and the Eyes, Gileadââ¬â¢s secret police force, watch her every public move. As Offred tells the story of her daily life, she frequently slips into flashbacks, from which the reader can reconstruct the events leading up to the beginning of the novel. In the old world, before Gilead, Offred had an affair with Luke, a married man. He divorced his wife and married Offred, and they had a child together. Offredââ¬â¢s mother was a single mother and feminist activist. Offredââ¬â¢s best friend, Moira, was fiercely independent.The architects of Gilead began their rise to power in an age of readily available pornography, prostitution, and violence against womenââ¬âwhen pollution and chemical spills led to declining fertility rates. Using the military, they assassinated the president and members of Congress and launched a coup, claiming that they were taking power temporarily. They cracked down on womenââ¬â¢s rights, forbidding women to hold property or jobs. Offred and Luke took their daughter and attempted to flee across the border into Canada, but they were caught and separated from one another, and Offred has seen neither her husband nor her daughter since.After her capture, Offredââ¬â¢s marriage was voided (because Luke had been divorced), and she was sent to the Rachel and Leah Re-education Center, called the Red Center by its inhabitants. At the center, women were indoctrinated into Gileadââ¬â¢s ideology in preparation for becoming Handmaids. Aunt Lydia supervised the women, giving speeches extolling Gileadââ¬â¢s beliefs that women shou ld be subservient to men and solely concerned with bearing children. Aunt Lydia also argued that such a social order ultimately offers women more respect and safety than the old, pre-Gilead society offered them.Moira is brought to the Red Center, but she escapes, and Offred does not know what becomes of her. Once assigned to the Commanderââ¬â¢s house, Offredââ¬â¢s life settles into a restrictive routine. She takes shopping trips with Ofglen, another Handmaid, and they visit the Wall outside what used to be Harvard University, where the bodies of rebels hang. She must visit the doctor frequently to be checked for disease and other complications, and she must endure the ââ¬Å"Ceremony,â⬠in which the Commander reads to the household from the Bible, then goes to the bedroom, where his Wife and Offred wait for him, and has sex with Offred.The first break from her routine occurs when she visits the doctor and he offers to have sex with her to get her pregnant, suggesting that her Commander is probably infertile. She refuses. The doctor makes her uneasy, but his proposition is too riskyââ¬âshe could be sent away if caught. After a Ceremony, the Commander sends his gardener and chauffeur, Nick, to ask Offred to come see him in his study the following night. She begins visiting him regularly. They play Scrabble (which is forbidden, since women are not allowed to read), and he lets her look at old magazines like Vogue.At the end of these secret meetings, he asks her to kiss him. During one of their shopping trips, Ofglen reveals to Offred that she is a member of ââ¬Å"Mayday,â⬠an underground organization dedicated to overthrowing Gilead. Meanwhile, Offred begins to find that the Ceremony feels different and less impersonal now that she knows the Commander. Their nighttime conversations begin to touch on the new order that the Commander and his fellow leaders have created in Gilead. When Offred admits how unhappy she is, the Commander remarks, â⠬Å"[Y]ou canââ¬â¢t make an omelette without breaking eggs. â⬠After some time has gone by without Offred becoming pregnant, Serena suggests that Offred have sex with Nick secretly and pass the child off as the Commanderââ¬â¢s. Serena promises to bring Offred a picture of her daughter if she sleeps with Nick, and Offred realizes that Serena has always known the whereabouts of Offredââ¬â¢s daughter. The same night that Offred is to sleep with Nick, the Commander secretly takes her out to a club called Jezebelââ¬â¢s, where the Commanders mingle with prostitutes. Offred sees Moira working there. The two women meet in a bathroom, and Offred learns that Moira was captured just before she crossed the border.She chose life in Jezebelââ¬â¢s over being sent to the Colonies, where most political prisoners and dangerous people are sent. After that night at Jezebelââ¬â¢s, Offred says, she never sees Moira again. The Commander takes Offred upstairs after a few hours, and th ey have sex in what used to be a hotel room. She tries to feign passion. Soon after Offred returns from Jezebelââ¬â¢s, late at night, Serena arrives and tells Offred to go to Nickââ¬â¢s room. Offred and Nick have sex. Soon they begin to sleep together frequently, without anyoneââ¬â¢s knowledge.Offred becomes caught up in the affair and ignores Ofglenââ¬â¢s requests that she gather information from the Commander for Mayday. One day, all the Handmaids take part in a group execution of a supposed rapist, supervised by Aunt Lydia. Ofglen strikes the first blow. Later, she tells Offred that the so-called rapist was a member of Mayday and that she hit him to put him out of his misery. Shortly thereafter, Offred goes out shopping, and a new Ofglen meets her. This new woman is not part of Mayday, and she tells Offred that the old Ofglen hanged herself when she saw the secret police coming for her.At home, Serena has found out about Offredââ¬â¢s trip to Jezebelââ¬â¢s, and s he sends her to her room, promising punishment. Offred waits there, and she sees a black van from the Eyes approach. Then Nick comes in and tells her that the Eyes are really Mayday members who have come to save her. Offred leaves with them, over the Commanderââ¬â¢s futile objections, on her way either to prison or to freedomââ¬âshe does not know which. The novel closes with an epilogue from 2195, after Gilead has fallen, written in the form of a lecture given by Professor Pieixoto. He explains the formation and customs of Gilead in objective, analytical language.He discusses the significance of Offredââ¬â¢s story, which has turned up on cassette tapes in Bangor, Maine. He suggests that Nick arranged Offredââ¬â¢s escape but that her fate after that is unknown. She could have escaped to Canada or England, or she could have been recaptured. Character List Offred ââ¬â The narrator and protagonist of The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale. Offred belongs to the class of Handmaids, fertile women forced to bear children for elite, barren couples. Handmaids show which Commander owns them by adopting their Commandersââ¬â¢ names, such as Fred, and preceding them with ââ¬Å"Of. Offred remembers her real name but never reveals it. She no longer has family or friends, though she has flashbacks to a time in which she had a daughter and a husband named Luke. The cruel physical and psychological burdens of her daily life in Gilead torment her and pervade her narrative. Read an in-depth analysis of Offred. The Commander ââ¬â The Commander is the head of the household where Offred works as a Handmaid. He initiates an unorthodox relationship with Offred, secretly playing Scrabble with her in his study at night.He often seems a decent, well-meaning man, and Offred sometimes finds that she likes him in spite of herself. He almost seems a victim of Gilead, making the best of a society he opposes. However, we learn from various clues and from the epilogue that the Comm ander was actually involved in designing and establishing Gilead. Read an in-depth analysis of The Commander. Serena Joy ââ¬â The Commanderââ¬â¢s Wife, Serena worked in pre-Gilead days as a gospel singer, then as an anti-feminist activist and crusader for ââ¬Å"traditional values. In Gilead, she sits at the top of the female social ladder, yet she is desperately unhappy. Serenaââ¬â¢s unhappiness shows that her restrictive, male-dominated society cannot bring happiness even to its most pampered and powerful women. Serena jealously guards her claims to status and behaves cruelly toward the Handmaids in her household. Read an in-depth analysis of Serena Joy. Moira ââ¬â Offredââ¬â¢s best friend from college, Moira is a lesbian and a staunch feminist; she embodies female resourcefulness and independence. Her defiant nature contrasts starkly with the behavior of the other women in the novel.Rather than passively accept her fate as a Handmaid, she makes several escape att empts and finally manages to get away from the Red Center. However, she is caught before she can get out of Gilead. Later, Offred encounters Moira working as a prostitute in a club for the Commanders. At the club, Moira seems resigned to her fate, which suggests that a totalitarian society can grind down and crush even the most resourceful and independent people. Read an in-depth analysis of Moira. Aunt Lydia ââ¬â The Aunts are the class of women assigned to indoctrinate the Handmaids with the beliefs of the new society and make them accept their fates.Aunt Lydia works at the ââ¬Å"Red Center,â⬠the re? education center where Offred and other women go for instruction before becoming Handmaids. Although she appears only in Offredââ¬â¢s flashbacks, Aunt Lydia and her instructions haunt Offred in her daily life. Aunt Lydiaââ¬â¢s slogans and maxims drum the ideology of the new society into heads of the women, until even those like Offred, women who do not truly believe i n the ideology, hear Gileadââ¬â¢s words echoing in their heads. Nick ââ¬â Nick is a Guardian, a low-level officer of Gilead assigned to the Commanderââ¬â¢s home, where he works as a gardener and chauffeur.He and Offred have a sexual chemistry that they get to satisfy when Serena Joy orchestrates an encounter between them in an effort to get Offred pregnant. After sleeping together once, they begin a covert sexual affair. Nick is not just a Guardian; he may work either as a member of the Eyes, Gileadââ¬â¢s secret police, or as a member of the underground Mayday resistance, or both. At the end of the novel, Nick orchestrates Offredââ¬â¢s escape from the Commanderââ¬â¢s home, but we do not know whether he puts her into the hands of the Eyes or the resistance.Ofglen ââ¬â Another Handmaid who is Offredââ¬â¢s shopping partner and a member of the subversive ââ¬Å"Maydayâ⬠underground. At the end of the novel, Ofglen is found out, and she hangs herself rather than face torture and reveal the names of her co-conspirators. Cora ââ¬â Cora works as a servant in the Commanderââ¬â¢s household. She belongs to the class of Marthas, infertile women who do not qualify for the high status of Wives and so work in domestic roles. Cora seems more content with her role than her fellow Martha, Rita.She hopes that Offred will be able to conceive, because then she will have a hand in raising a child. Janine ââ¬â Offred knows Janine from their time at the Red Center. After Janine becomes a Handmaid, she takes the name Ofwarren. She has a baby, which makes her the envy of all the other Handmaids in the area, but the baby later turns out to be deformedââ¬âan ââ¬Å"Unbabyâ⬠ââ¬âand there are rumors that her doctor fathered the child. Janine is a conformist, always ready to go along with what Gilead demands of her, and so she endears herself to the Aunts and to all authority figures.Offred holds Janine in contempt for taking the easy w ay out. Luke ââ¬â In the days before Gilead, Luke had an affair with Offred while he was married to another woman, then got a divorce and became Offredââ¬â¢s husband. When Gilead comes to power, he attempts to escape to Canada with Offred and their daughter, but they are captured. He is separated from Offred, and the couple never see one another again. The kind of love they shared is prohibited in Gilead, and Offredââ¬â¢s memories of Luke contrast with the regimented, passionless state of male-female relations in the new society.Offredââ¬â¢s mother ââ¬â Offred remembers her mother in flashbacks to her pre-Gilead worldââ¬âshe was a single parent and a feminist activist. One day during her education at the Red Center, Offred sees a video of her mother as a young woman, yelling and carrying a banner in an anti-rape march called Take Back the Night. She embodies everything the architects of Gilead want to stamp out. Aunt Elizabeth ââ¬â Aunt Elizabeth is one of t he Aunts at the Red Center. Moira attacks her and steals her Auntââ¬â¢s uniform during her escape from the Red Center. Rita ââ¬â A Martha, or domestic servant, in the Commanderââ¬â¢s household.She seems less content with her lot than Cora, the other Martha working there. Professor Pieixoto ââ¬â The guest speaker at the symposium that takes place in the epilogue to The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale. He and another academic, working at a university in the year 2195, transcribed Offredââ¬â¢s recorded narrative; his lecture details the historical significance of the story that we have just read. Analysis of Major Characters Offred Offred is the narrator and the protagonist of the novel, and we are told the entire story from her point of view, experiencing events and memories as vividly as she does.She tells the story as it happens, and shows us the travels of her mind through asides, flashbacks, and digressions. Offred is intelligent, perceptive, and kind. She possesses enough faults to make her human, but not so many that she becomes an unsympathetic figure. She also possesses a dark sense of humorââ¬âa graveyard wit that makes her descriptions of the bleak horrors of Gilead bearable, even enjoyable. Like most of the women in Gilead, she is an ordinary woman placed in an extraordinary situation. Offred is not a hero. Although she resists Gilead inwardly, once her attempt at escape fails, she submits outwardly.She is hardly a feminist champion; she had always felt uncomfortable with her motherââ¬â¢s activism, and her pre-Gilead relationship with Luke began when she became his mistress, meeting him in cheap hotels for sex. Although friends with Ofglen, a member of the resistance, she is never bold enough to join up herself. Indeed, after she begins her affair with Nick, she seems to lose sight of escape entirely and suddenly feels that life in Gilead is almost bearable. If she does finally escape, it is because of Nick, not because of anything she does -herself.Offred is a mostly passive character, good-hearted but complacent. Like her peers, she took for granted the freedoms feminism won and now pays the price. The Commander The Commander poses an ethical problem for Offred, and consequently for us. First, he is Offredââ¬â¢s Commander and the immediate agent of her oppression. As a founder of Gilead, he also bears responsibility for the entire totalitarian society. In person, he is far more sympathetic and friendly toward Offred than most other people, and Offredââ¬â¢s evenings with the Commander in his study offer her a small respite from the wasteland of her life.At times, his unhappiness and need for companionship make him seem as much a prisoner of Gileadââ¬â¢s strictures as anyone else. Offred finds herself feeling sympathy for this man. Ultimately, Offred and the reader recognize that if the Commander is a prisoner, the prison is one that he himself helped construct and that his prison is heaven compared to th e prison he created for women. As the novel progresses, we come to realize that his visits with Offred are selfish rather than charitable.They satisfy his need for companionship, but he doesnââ¬â¢t seem to care that they put Offred at terrible risk, a fact of which he must be aware, given that the previous Handmaid hanged herself when her visits to the Commander were discovered. The Commanderââ¬â¢s moral blindness, apparent in his attempts to explain the virtues of Gilead, are highlighted by his and Offredââ¬â¢s visit to Jezebelââ¬â¢s. The club, a place where the elite men of the society can engage in recreational extramarital sex, reveals the rank hypocrisy that runs through Gileadean society.Offredââ¬â¢s relationship with the Commander is best represented by a situation she remembers from a documentary on the Holocaust. In the film, the mistress of a brutal death camp guard defended the man she loved, claiming that he was not a monster. ââ¬Å"How easy it is to inve nt a humanity,â⬠Offred thinks. In other words, anyone can seem human, and even likable, given the right set of circumstances. But even if the Commander is likable and can be kind or considerate, his responsibility for the creation of Gilead and his callousness to the hell he created for women means that he, like the Nazi guard, is a monster. Serena JoyThough Serena had been an advocate for traditional values and the establishment of the Gileadean state, her bitterness at the outcomeââ¬âbeing confined to the home and having to see her husband copulating with a Handmaidââ¬âsuggests that spokeswomen for anti-feminist causes might not enjoy getting their way as much as they believe they would. Serenaââ¬â¢s obvious unhappiness means that she teeters on the edge of inspiring our sympathy, but she forfeits that sympathy by taking out her frustration on Offred. She seems to possess no compassion for Offred. She can see the difficulty of her own life, but not that of another woman.The climactic moment in Serenaââ¬â¢s interaction with Offred comes when she arranges for Offred to sleep with Nick. It seems that Serena makes these plans out of a desire to help Offred get pregnant, but Serena gets an equal reward from Offredââ¬â¢s pregnancy: she gets to raise the baby. Furthermore, Serenaââ¬â¢s offer to show Offred a picture of her lost daughter if she sleeps with Nick reveals that Serena has always known of Offredââ¬â¢s daughterââ¬â¢s whereabouts. Not only has she cruelly concealed this knowledge, she is willing to exploit Offredââ¬â¢s loss of a child in order to get an infant of her own.Serenaââ¬â¢s lack of sympathy makes her the perfect tool for Gileadââ¬â¢s social order, which relies on the willingness of women to oppress other women. She is a cruel, selfish woman, and Atwood implies that such women are the glue that binds Gilead. Moira Throughout the novel, Moiraââ¬â¢s relationship with Offred epitomizes female friendship. Gi lead claims to promote solidarity between women, but in fact it only produces suspicion, hostility, and petty tyranny. The kind of relationship that Moira and Offred maintain from college onward does not exist in Gilead. In Offredââ¬â¢s flashbacks, Moira also embodies female resistance to Gilead.She is a lesbian, which means that she rejects male-female sexual interactions, the only kind that Gilead values. More than that, she is the only character who stands up to authority directly by make two escape attempts, one successful, from the Red Center. The manner in which she escapesââ¬âtaking off her clothes and putting on the uniform of an Auntââ¬âsymbolizes her rejection of Gileadââ¬â¢s attempt to define her identity. From then on, until Offred meets up with her again, Moira represents an alternative to the meek subservience and acceptance of oneââ¬â¢s fate that most of the Handmaids adopt.When Offred runs into Moira, Moira has been recaptured and is working as a pro stitute at Jezebelââ¬â¢s, servicing the Commanders. Her fighting spirit seems broken, and she has become resigned to her fate. After embodying resistance for most of the novel, Moira comes to exemplify the way a totalitarian state can crush even the most independent spirit. Themes, Motifs & Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. Womenââ¬â¢s Bodies as Political Instruments Because Gilead was formed in response to the crisis caused by dramatically ecreased birthrates, the stateââ¬â¢s entire structure, with its religious trappings and rigid political hierarchy, is built around a single goal: control of reproduction. The state tackles the problem head-on by assuming complete control of womenââ¬â¢s bodies through their political subjugation. Women cannot vote, hold property or jobs, read, or do anything else that might allow them to become subversive or independent and thereby undermine their husbands or the state. Des pite all of Gileadââ¬â¢s pro-women rhetoric, such subjugation creates a society in which women are treated as subhuman.They are reduced to their fertility, treated as nothing more than a set of ovaries and a womb. In one of the novelââ¬â¢s key scenes, Offred lies in the bath and reflects that, before Gilead, she considered her body an instrument of her desires; now, she is just a mound of flesh surrounding a womb that must be filled in order to make her useful. Gilead seeks to deprive women of their individuality in order to make them docile carriers of the next generation. Language as a Tool of Power Gilead creates an official vocabulary that ignores and warps reality in order to serve the needs of the new societyââ¬â¢s elite.Having made it illegal for women to hold jobs, Gilead creates a system of titles. Whereas men are defined by their military rank, women are defined solely by their gender roles as Wives, Handmaids, or Marthas. Stripping them of permanent individual na mes strips them of their individuality, or tries to. Feminists and deformed babies are treated as subhuman, denoted by the terms ââ¬Å"Unwomenâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Unbabies. â⬠Blacks and Jews are defined by biblical terms (ââ¬Å"Children of Hamâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Sons of Jacob,â⬠respectively) that set them apart from the rest of society, making their persecution easier.There are prescribed greetings for personal encounters, and to fail to offer the correct greetings is to fall under suspicion of disloyalty. Specially created terms define the rituals of Gilead, such as ââ¬Å"Prayvaganzas,â⬠ââ¬Å"Salvagings,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Particicutions. â⬠Dystopian novels about the dangers of totalitarian society frequently explore the connection between a stateââ¬â¢s repression of its subjects and its perversion of language (ââ¬Å"Newspeakâ⬠in George Orwellââ¬â¢s 1984 is the most famous example), and The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale carries on this tradition. Gilea d maintains its control over womenââ¬â¢s bodies by maintaining control over names.The Causes of Complacency In a totalitarian state, Atwood suggests, people will endure oppression willingly as long as they receive some slight amount of power or freedom. Offred remembers her mother saying that it is ââ¬Å"truly amazing, what people can get used to, as long as there are a few compensations. â⬠Offredââ¬â¢s complacency after she begins her relationship with Nick shows the truth of this insight. Her situation restricts her horribly compared to the freedom her former life allowed, but her relationship with Nick allows her to reclaim the tiniest fragment of her former existence.The physical affection and companionship become compensation that make the restrictions almost bearable. Offred seems suddenly so content that she does not say yes when Ofglen asks her to gather information about the Commander. Women in general support Gileadââ¬â¢s existence by willingly participatin g in it, serving as agents of the totalitarian state. While a woman like Serena Joy has no power in the world of men, she exercises authority within her own household and seems to delight in her tyranny over Offred. She jealously guards what little power she has and wields it eagerly.In a similar way, the women known as Aunts, especially Aunt Lydia, act as willing agents of the Gileadean state. They indoctrinate other women into the ruling ideology, keep a close eye out for rebellion, and generally serve the same function for Gilead that the Jewish police did under Nazi rule. Atwoodââ¬â¢s message is bleak. At the same time as she condemns Offred, Serena Joy, the Aunts, and even Moira for their complacency, she suggests that even if those women mustered strength and stopped complying, they would likely fail to make a difference.In Gilead the tiny rebellions of resistances do not necessarily matter. In the end, Offred escapes because of luck rather than resistance. Motifs Motifs ar e recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the textââ¬â¢s major themes. Rape and Sexual Violence Sexual violence, particularly against women, pervades The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale. The prevalence of rape and pornography in the pre-Gilead world justified to the founders their establishment of the new order.The Commander and the Aunts claim that women are better protected in Gilead, that they are treated with respect and kept safe from violence. Certainly, the official penalty for rape is terrible: in one scene, the Handmaids tear apart with their bare hands a supposed rapist (actually a member of the resistance). Yet, while Gilead claims to suppress sexual violence, it actually institutionalizes it, as we see at Jezebelââ¬â¢s, the club that provides the Commanders with a ready stable of prostitutes to service the male elite.Most important, sexual violence is apparent in the central institution of the novel, the Ceremony, which compe ls Handmaids to have sex with their Commanders. Religious Terms Used for Political Purposes Gilead is a theocracyââ¬âa government in which there is no separation between state and religionââ¬âand its official vocabulary incorporates religious terminology and biblical references. Domestic servants are called ââ¬Å"Marthasâ⬠in reference to a domestic character in the New Testament; the local police are ââ¬Å"Guardians of the Faithâ⬠; soldiers are ââ¬Å"Angelsâ⬠; and the Commanders are officially ââ¬Å"Commanders of the Faithful. All the stores have biblical names: Loaves and Fishes, All Flesh, Milk and Honey. Even the automobiles have biblical names like Behemoth, Whirlwind, and Chariot. Using religious terminology to describe people, ranks, and businesses whitewashes political skullduggery in pious language. It provides an ever-present reminder that the founders of Gilead insist they act on the authority of the Bible itself. Politics and religion sleep in the same bed in Gilead, where the slogan ââ¬Å"God is a National Resourceâ⬠predominates. Similarities between Reactionary and Feminist IdeologiesAlthough The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale offers a specifically feminist critique of the reactionary attitudes toward women that hold sway in Gilead, Atwood occasionally draws similarities between the architects of Gilead and radical feminists such as Offredââ¬â¢s mother. Both groups claim to protect women from sexual violence, and both show themselves willing to restrict free speech in order to accomplish this goal. Offred recalls a scene in which her mother and other feminists burn porn magazines. Like the founders of Gilead, these feminists ban some expressions of sexuality.Gilead also uses the feminist rhetoric of female solidarity and ââ¬Å"sisterhoodâ⬠to its own advantage. These points of similarity imply the existence of a dark side of feminist rhetoric. Despite Atwoodââ¬â¢s gentle criticism of the feminist left, her re al target is the religious right. Symbols Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Cambridge, Massachusetts The center of Gileadââ¬â¢s power, where Offred lives, is never explicitly identified, but a number of clues mark it as the town of Cambridge.Cambridge, its neighboring city of Boston, and Massachusetts as a whole were centers for Americaââ¬â¢s first religious and intolerant societyââ¬âthe Puritan New England of the seventeenth century. Atwood reminds us of this history with the ancient Puritan church that Offred and Ofglen visit early in the novel, which Gilead has turned into a museum. The choice of Cambridge as a setting symbolizes the direct link between the Puritans and their spiritual heirs in Gilead. Both groups dealt harshly with religious, sexual, or political deviation. Harvard UniversityGilead has transformed Harvardââ¬â¢s buildings into a detention center run by the Eyes, Gileadââ¬â¢s secret po lice. Bodies of executed dissidents hang from the Wall that runs around the college, and Salvagings (mass executions) take place in Harvard Yard, on the steps of the library. Harvard becomes a symbol of the inverted world that Gilead has created: a place that was founded to pursue knowledge and truth becomes a seat of oppression, torture, and the denial of every principle for which a university is supposed to stand. The Handmaidsââ¬â¢ Red HabitsThe red color of the costumes worn by the Handmaids symbolizes fertility, which is the casteââ¬â¢s primary function. Red suggests the blood of the menstrual cycle and of childbirth. At the same time, however, red is also a traditional marker of sexual sin, hearkening back to the scarlet letter worn by the adulterous Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s tale of Puritan ideology. While the Handmaidsââ¬â¢ reproductive role supposedly finds its justification in the Bible, in some sense they commit adultery by having sex with the ir Commanders, who are married men. The wives, who often call the Handmaids sluts, feel the pain of this sanctioned adultery.The Handmaidsââ¬â¢ red garments, then, also symbolize the ambiguous sinfulness of the Handmaidsââ¬â¢ position in Gilead. A Palimpsest A palimpsest is a document on which old writing has been scratched out, often leaving traces, and new writing put in its place; it can also be a document consisting of many layers of writing simply piled one on top of another. Offred describes the Red Center as a palimpsest, but the word actually symbolizes all of Gilead. The old world has been erased and replaced, but only partially, by a new order. Remnants of the pre-Gilead days continue to infuse the new world.The Eyes The Eyes of God are Gileadââ¬â¢s secret police. Both their name and their insignia, a winged eye, symbolize the eternal watchfulness of God and the totalitarian state. In Gileadââ¬â¢s theocracy, the eye of God and of the state are assumed to be one and the same. Chapters 1ââ¬â3 Summary: Chapter 1 The narrator, whose name we learn later is Offred, describes how she and other women slept on army cots in a gymnasium. Aunt Sara and Aunt Elizabeth patrol with electric cattle prods hanging from their leather belts, and the women, forbidden to speak aloud, whisper without attracting attention.Twice daily, the women walk in the former football field, which is surrounded by a chain-link fence topped with barbed wire. Armed guards called Angels patrol outside. While the women take their walks, the Angels stand outside the fence with their backs to the women. The women long for the Angels to turn and see them. They imagine that if the men looked at them or talked to them, they could use their bodies to make a deal. The narrator describes lying in bed at night, quietly exchanging names with the other women. Summary: Chapter 2The scene changes, and the story shifts from the past to the present tense. Offred now lives in a room fitted out with curtains, a pillow, a framed picture, and a braided rug. There is no glass in the room, not even over the framed picture. The window does not open completely, and the windowpane is shatterproof. There is nothing in the room from which one could hang a rope, and the door does not lock or even shut completely. Looking around, Offred remembers how Aunt Lydia told her to consider her circumstances a privilege, not a prison.Handmaids, to which group the narrator belongs, dress entirely in red, except for the white wings framing their faces. Household servants, called ââ¬Å"Marthas,â⬠wear green uniforms. ââ¬Å"Wivesâ⬠wear blue uniforms. Offred often secretly listens to Rita and Cora, the Marthas who work in the house where she lives. Once, she hears Rita state that she would never debase herself as someone in Offredââ¬â¢s position must. Cora replies that Offred works for all the women, and that if she (Cora) were younger and had not gotten her tubes tied, she cou ld have been in Offredââ¬â¢s situation. Offred wishes she could alk to them, but Marthas are not supposed to develop relationships with Handmaids. She wishes that she could share gossip like they doââ¬âgossip about how one Handmaid gave birth to a stillborn, how a Wife stabbed a Handmaid with a knitting needle out of jealousy, how someone poisoned her Commander with toilet cleaner. Offred dresses for a shopping trip. She collects from Rita the tokens that serve as currency. Each token bears an image of what it will purchase: twelve eggs, cheese, and a steak. Summary: Chapter 3 On her way out, Offred looks around for the Commanderââ¬â¢s Wife but does not see her.The Commanderââ¬â¢s Wife has a garden, and she knits constantly. All the Wives knit scarves ââ¬Å"for the Angels at the front lines,â⬠but the Commanderââ¬â¢s Wife is a particularly skilled knitter. Offred wonders if the scarves actually get used, or if they just give the Wives something to do. She remem bers arriving at the Commanderââ¬â¢s house for the first time, after the two couples to which she was previously assigned ââ¬Å"didnââ¬â¢t work out. â⬠One of the Wives in an earlier posting secluded herself in the bedroom, purportedly drinking, and Offred hoped the new Commanderââ¬â¢s Wife would be different.On the first day, her new mistress told her to stay out of her sight as much as possible, and to avoid making trouble. As she talked, the Wife smoked a cigarette, a black-market item. Handmaids, Offred notes, are forbidden coffee, cigarettes, and alcohol. Then the Wife reminded Offred that the Commander is her husband, permanently and forever. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s one of the things we fought for,â⬠she said, looking away. Suddenly, Offred recognized her mistress as Serena Joy, the lead soprano from Growing Souls Gospel Hour, a Sunday-morning religious program that aired when Offred was a child. Analysis: Chapters 1ââ¬â5The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale plunges im mediately into an unfamiliar, unexplained world, using unfamiliar terms like ââ¬Å"Handmaid,â⬠ââ¬Å"Angel,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Commanderâ⬠that only come to make sense as the story progresses. Offred gradually delivers information about her past and the world in which she lives, often narrating through flashbacks. She narrates these flashbacks in the past tense, which distinguishes them from the main body of the story, which she tells in the present tense. The first scene, in the gymnasium, is a flashback, as are Offredââ¬â¢s memories of the Marthasââ¬â¢ gossip and her first meeting with the Commanderââ¬â¢s Wife.Although at this point we do not know what the gymnasium signifies, or why the narrator and other women lived there, we do gather some information from the brief first chapter. The women in the gymnasium live under the constant surveillance of the Angels and the Aunts, and they cannot interact with one another. They seem to inhabit a kind of prison. Offre d likens the gym to a palimpsest, a parchment either erased and written on again or layered with multiple writings. In the gym palimpsest, Offred sees multiple layers of history: high school girls going to basketball games and dances wearing miniskirts, then pants, then green hair.Likening the gym to a palimpsest also suggests that the society Offred now inhabits has been superimposed on a previous society, and traces of the old linger beneath the new. In Chapter 2, Offred sits in a room that seems at first like a pleasant change from harsh atmosphere of the gymnasium. However, her description of her room demonstrates that the same rigid, controlling structures that ruled the gym continue to constrict her in this house. The room is like a prison in which all means of defense, or escape by suicide or flight, have been removed.She wonders if women everywhere get issued exactly the same sheets and curtains, which underlines the idea that the room is like a government-ordered prison. We do not know yet what purpose Offred serves in the house, although it seems to be sexualââ¬âCora comments that she could have done Offredââ¬â¢s work if she hadnââ¬â¢t gotten her tubes tied, which implies that Offredââ¬â¢s function is reproductive. Serena Joyââ¬â¢s coldness to Offred makes it plain that she considers Offred a threat, or at least an annoyance. We do know from Offredââ¬â¢s name that she, like all Handmaids, is considered state property.Handmaidsââ¬â¢ names simply reflect which Commander owns them. ââ¬Å"Of Fred,â⬠ââ¬Å"Of Warren,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Of Glenâ⬠get collapsed into ââ¬Å"Offred,â⬠ââ¬Å"Ofwarren,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Ofglen. â⬠The names make more sense when preceded by the word ââ¬Å"Propertyâ⬠: ââ¬Å"Property Offred,â⬠for example. Thus, every time the women hear their names, they are reminded that they are no more than property. These early chapters establish the novelââ¬â¢s style, which is charac terized by considerable physical description. The narrator devotes attention to the features of the gym, the Commanderââ¬â¢s house, and Serena Joyââ¬â¢s pinched face.Offred tells the story in nonlinear fashion, following the temporal leaps of her own mind. The narrative goes where her thoughts take itââ¬âone moment to the present, in the Commanderââ¬â¢s house, and the next back in the gymnasium, or in the old world, the United States as it exists in Offredââ¬â¢s memory. We do not have the sense, as in some first-person narratives, that Offred is composing this story from a distanced vantage point, reflecting back on her past. Rather, all of her thoughts have a quality of immediacy. We are there with Offred as she goes about her daily life, and as she slips out of the present and thinks about her past.Chapters 4ââ¬â6 Summary: Chapter 4 As she leaves the house to go shopping, Offred notices Nick, a Guardian of the Faith, washing the Commanderââ¬â¢s car. Nick liv es above the garage. He winks at Offredââ¬âan offense against -decorumââ¬â but she ignores him, fearing that he may be an Eye, a spy assigned to test her. She waits at the corner for Ofglen, another Handmaid with whom Offred will do her shopping. The Handmaids always travel in pairs when outside. Ofglen arrives, and they exchange greetings, careful not to say anything that isnââ¬â¢t strictly orthodox.Ofglen says that she has heard the war is going well, and that the army recently defeated a group of Baptist rebels. ââ¬Å"Praise be,â⬠Offred responds. They reach a checkpoint manned by two young Guardians. The Guardians serve as a routine police force and do menial labor. They are men too young, too old, or just generally unfit for the army. Young Guardians, such as these, can be dangerous because they are frequently more fanatical or nervous than older guards. These young Guardians recently shot a Martha as she fumbled for her pass, because they thought she was a man in disguise carrying a bomb.Offred heard Rita and Cora talking about the shooting. Rita was angry, but Cora seemed to accept the shooting as the price one pays for safety. At the checkpoint, Offred subtly flirts with one of the Guardians by making eye contact, cherishing this small infraction against the rules. She considers how sex-starved the young men must be, since they cannot marry without permission, masturbation is a sin, and pornographic magazines and films are now forbidden. The Guardians can only hope to become Angels, when they will be allowed to take a wife and perhaps eventually get a Handmaid.This marks the first time in the novel we hear the word ââ¬Å"Handmaidâ⬠used. Summary: Chapter 5 In town, Ofglen and Offred wait in line at the shops. We learn the name of this new society: ââ¬Å"The Republic of Gilead. â⬠Offred remembers the pre-Gilead days, when women were not protected: they had to keep their doors closed to strangers and ignore catcalls on the s treet. Now no one whistles at women as they walk; no one touches them or talks to them. She remembers Aunt Lydia explaining that more than one kind of freedom exists, and that ââ¬Å"[i]n the days of anarchy, it was freedom to.Now you are being given freedom from. â⬠The women shop at stores known by names like All Flesh and Milk and Honey. Pictures of meat or fruit mark the stores, rather than lettered signs, because ââ¬Å"they decided that even the names of shops were too much temptation for us. â⬠A Handmaid in the late stages of pregnancy enters the store and raises a flurry of excitement. Offred recognizes her from the Red Center. She used to be known as Janine, and she was one of Aunt Lydiaââ¬â¢s favorites. Now her name is Ofwarren. Offred senses that Janine went shopping just so she could show off her pregnancy.Offred thinks of her husband, Luke, and their daughter, and the life they led before Gilead existed. She remembers a prosaic detail from their everyday l ife together: she used to store plastic shopping bags under the sink, which annoyed Luke, who worried that their daughter would get one of the bags caught over her head. She remembers feeling guilty for her carelessness. Offred and Ofglen finish their shopping and go out to the sidewalk, where they encounter a group of Japanese tourists and their interpreter. The tourists want to take a photograph, but Offred says no.Many of the interpreters are Eyes, and Handmaids must not appear immodest. Offred and Ofglen marvel at the womenââ¬â¢s exposed legs, high heels, and polished toenails. The tourists ask if they are happy, and since Ofglen does not answer, Offred replies that they are very happy. Summary: Chapter 6 This may not seem ordinary to you now, but after a time it will. It will become ordinary. (See Important Quotations Explained) As they return from shopping, Ofglen suggests they take the long way and pass by the church. It is an old building, decorated inside with paintings of what seem to be Puritans from the colonial era.Now the former church is kept as a museum. Offred describes a nearby boathouse, old dormitories, a football stadium, and redbrick sidewalks. Atwood implies that Offred is walking across what used to be the campus of Harvard University. Across the street from the church sits the Wall, where the authorities hang the bodies of executed criminals as examples to the rest of the Republic of Gilead. The authorities cover the menââ¬â¢s heads with bags. One of the bags looks painted with a red smile where the blood has seeped through.All of the six corpses wear signs around their necks picturing fetuses, signaling that they were executed for performing abortions before Gilead came into existence. Although their actions were legal at the time, their crimes are being punished retroactively. Offred feels relieved that none of the bodies could be Lukeââ¬â¢s, since he was not a doctor. As she stares at the bodies, Offred thinks of Aunt Lydia telling them that soon their new life would seem ordinary. Analysis: Chapters 4ââ¬â6 The theocratic nature of Offredââ¬â¢s society, the name of which we learn for the first time in these chapters, becomes clear during her shopping trip.A theocracy exists when there is no separation between church and state, and a single religion dominates all aspects of life. In Gilead, state and religion are inseparable. The official language of Gilead uses many biblical terms, from the various ranks that men hold (Angels, Guardians of the Faith, Commanders of the Faith, the Eyes of God), to the stores where Offred and Ofglen shop (Milk and Honey, All Flesh, Loaves and Fishes), to the names of automobiles (Behemoth, Whirlwind, Chariot). The very name ââ¬Å"Gileadâ⬠refers to a location in ancient Israel. The name also recalls a line from the Book of Psalms: ââ¬Å"there is a balm in Gilead. This phrase, we realize later, has been transformed into a kind of national motto. Atwood does not describe the exact details of Gileadââ¬â¢s state religion. In Chapter 2, Offred describes her room as ââ¬Å"a return to traditional values. â⬠The religious right in America uses the phrase ââ¬Å"traditional values,â⬠so Atwood seems to link the values of this dystopic society to the values of the Protestant Christian religious right in America. Gilead seems more Protestant than anything else, but its brand of Christianity pays far more attention to the Old Testament than the New Testament.The religious justification for having Handmaids, for instance, is taken from the Book of Genesis. We learn that neither Catholics nor Jews are welcome in Gilead. The former must convert, while the latter must emigrate to Israel or renounce their Judaism. Atwood seems less interested in religion than in the intersection between religion, politics, and sex. The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale explores the political oppression of women, carried out in the name of God but in large part moti vated by a desire to control womenââ¬â¢s bodies.Gilead sees womenââ¬â¢s sexuality as dangerous: women must cover themselves from head to toe, for example, and not reveal their sexual attractions. When Offred attracts the Guardians, she feels this ability to inspire sexual attraction is the only power she retains. Every other privilege is stripped away, down to the very act of reading, which is forbidden. Women are not even allowed to read store signs. By controlling womenââ¬â¢s minds, by not allowing them to read, the authorities more easily control womenââ¬â¢s bodies. The patriarchs of Gilead want to control womenââ¬â¢s bodies, their sex lives, and their reproductive rights.The bodies of slain abortionists on the Wall hammer home the point: feminists believe that women must have abortion rights in order to control their own bodies, and in Gilead, giving women control of their bodies is a horrifying crime. When Offred and Ofglen go to town to shop, geographical clues and street names suggest that they live in what was once Cambridge, Massachusetts, and that their walk takes them near what used to be the campus of Harvard University. The choice of Cambridge for the setting of The Handmaidââ¬â¢s Tale is significant, since Massachusetts was a Puritan stronghold during the colonial period of the United States.The Puritans were a persecuted minority in England, but when they fled to New England, they re-created the repression they suffered at home, this time casting themselves as the repressors rather than the repressed. They established an intolerant religious society in some ways similar to Gilead. Atwood locates her fictional intolerant society in a place founded by intolerant people. By turning the old church into a museum, and leaving untouched portraits of Puritan forebears, the founders of Gilead suggest their admiration for the old Puritan society. Chapters 7ââ¬â9 Summary: Chapter 7I would like to believe this is a story Iââ¬â¢m tel ling. I need to believe it. I must believe it. Those who can believe that such stories are only stories have a better chance. (See Important Quotations Explained) At night, Offred likes to remember her former life. She recalls talking to her college friend, Moira, in her dorm room. She remembers being a child and going to a park with her mother, where they saw a group of women and a few men burning pornographic magazines. Offred has forgotten a large chunk of time, which she thinks might be the fault of an injection or pill the authorities gave her.She remembers waking up somewhere and screaming, demanding to know what they had done with her daughter. The authorities told Offred she was unfit, and her daughter was with those fit to care for her. They showed her a photograph of her child wearing a white dress, holding the hand of a strange woman. As she recounts these events, Offred imagines she is telling her story to someone, telling things that she cannot write down, because writi ng is forbidden. Summary: Chapter 8 Returning from another shopping trip, Ofglen and Offred notice three new bodies on the Wall.One is a Catholic priest and two are Guardians who bear placards around their necks that read ââ¬Å"Gender Treachery. â⬠This means they were hanged for committing homosexual acts. After looking at the bodies for a while, Offred tells Ofglen that they should continue walking home. They meet a funeral procession of Econowives, the wives of poorer men. One Econowife carries a small black jar. From the size of the jar, Offred can tell that it contains a dead embryo from an early miscarriageââ¬âone that came too early to know whether it was an ââ¬Å"Unbaby. â⬠The Econowives do not like the Handmaids.One woman scowls, and another spits at the Handmaids as they pass. At the corner near the Commanderââ¬â¢s home, Ofglen says ââ¬Å"Under His Eye,â⬠the orthodox good-bye, hesitating as if she wants to say more but then continuing on her way. When Offred reaches the Commanderââ¬â¢s driveway she passes Nick, who breaks the rules by asking her about her walk. She says nothing and goes into the house. She sees Serena Joy out in the garden and recalls how after Serenaââ¬â¢s singing career ended, she became a spokesperson for respecting the ââ¬Å"sanctity of the homeâ⬠and for women staying at home instead of working.Serena herself never stayed at home, because she was always out giving speeches. Once, Offred remembers, someone tried to assassinate Serena but killed her secretary instead. Offred wonders if Serena is angry that she can no longer be a public figure, now that what she advocated has come to pass and all women, including her, are confined to the home. In the kitchen, Rita fusses over the quality of the purchases as she always does. Offred retreats upstairs and notices the Commander standing outside her room. He is not supposed to be there. He nods at her and retreats. Summary: Chapter 9Offred remember s renting hotel rooms and waiting for Luke to meet her, before they were married, when he was cheating on his first wife. She regrets that she did not fully appreciate the freedom to have her own space when she wanted it. Thinking of the problems she and Luke thought they had, she realizes they were truly happy, although they did not know it. She remembers examining her room in the Commanderââ¬â¢s house little by little after she first arrived. She saw stains on the mattress, left over from long-ago sex, and she discovered a Latin phrase freshly scratched into the floor of the closet: Nolite te bastardes carborundorum.Offred does not understand Latin. It pleases her to imagine that this message allows her to commune with the woman who wrote it. She pictures this woman as freckly and irreverent, someone like Moira. Later, she asks Rita who stayed in her room before her. Rita tells her to specify which one, implying that there were a number of Handmaids before her. Offred says, gue ssing, ââ¬Å"[t]he lively one . . . with freckles. â⬠Rita asks how Offred knew about her, but she refuses to tell Offred anything about the previous Handmaid beyond a vague statement that she did not work out. Analysis: Chapter 7ââ¬â9Atwood suggests that those who seek to restrict sexual expression, whether they are feminists or religious conservatives, ultimately share the same goalââ¬âthe control of sexuality, particularly womenââ¬â¢s sexuality. In the flashback to the scene from Offredââ¬â¢s childhood in which women burn pornographic magazines, Atwood shows the similarity between the extremism of the left and the extremism of the right. The people burning magazines are feminists, not religious conservatives like the leaders of Gilead, yet their goal is the same: to crack down on certain kinds of sexual freedom.In other words, the desire for control over sexuality is not unique to the religious totalitarians of Gilead; it also existed in the feminist anti-porn ography crusades that preceded the fall of the United States. Gilead actually appropriates some of the rhetoric of womenââ¬â¢s liberation in its attempt to control women. Gilead also uses the Aunts and the Auntsââ¬â¢ rhetoric, forcing women to control other women. Again and again in the novel, the voice of Aunt Lydia rings in Offredââ¬â¢s head, insisting that women are better off in Gilead, free from exploitation and violence, than they were in the dangerous freedom of pre-Gilead times.In Chapter 7, Offred relates some of the details of how she lost her child. This loss is the central wound on Offredââ¬â¢s psyche throughout the novel, and the novelââ¬â¢s great source of emotional power. The loss of her child is so painful to Offred that she can only relate the story in fits and starts; so far the details of what happened have been murky. When telling stories from her past, like the story of her daughterââ¬â¢s disappearance, Offred often seems to draw on a partial o r foggy memory. It almost seems as if she is remembering details from hundreds of years ago, when we know these things happened a few years before the narrative.Partly this distance is the product of emotional traumaââ¬âthinking of the past is painful for Offred. But in Chapter 7, Offred offers her own explanation for these gaps: she thinks it possible that the authorities gave her a pill or injection that harmed her memory. Immediately after remembering her daughter, Offred addresses someone she calls ââ¬Å"you. â⬠She could be talking to God, Luke, or an imaginary future reader. ââ¬Å"I would like to believe this is a story Iââ¬â¢m telling,â⬠Offred says. ââ¬Å"Those who can believe that such stories are only stories have a better chance . . A story is a letter. Dear You, Iââ¬â¢ll say. â⬠In the act of telling her imagined audience about her life, Offred reduces her lifeââ¬â¢s horror and makes its oppressive weight endurable. Also, if she can think o f her life as a story and herself as the writer, she can think of her life as controllable, fictional, something not terrifying because not real. We learn in Chapter 8 that Serena used to campaign against womenââ¬â¢s rights. This makes her a figure worthy of pity, in a way; she supported the anti-woman principles on which Gilead was founded, but once they were mplemented, she found that they affected her as well as other women. She now lives deprived of freedom and saddled with a Handmaid who has sex with her husband. Yet Serena forfeits what pity we might feel for her by her callous, petty behavior toward Offred. Powerless in the world of men, Serena can only take out her frustration on the women under her thumb by making their lives miserable. In many ways, she treats Offred far worse than the Commander does, which suggests that Gileadââ¬â¢s oppressive power structure succeeds not just because men created it, but because women like Serena sustain it.Nolite te bastardes carbo rundorumââ¬âthe Latin phrase scrawled in Offredââ¬â¢s closet by a previous Handmaidââ¬âtakes on a magical importance for Offred even before she knows what it means. It symbolizes her inner resistance to Gileadââ¬â¢s tyranny and makes her feel like she can communicate with other strong women, like the woman who wrote the message. In Chapter 29 we learn what the phrase means, and its role in sustaining Offredââ¬â¢s resistance comes to seem perfectly appropriate. Chapters 10ââ¬â12 Summary: Chapter 10 Offred often sings songs in her headââ¬âââ¬Å"Amazing Graceâ⬠or songs by Elvis.Most music is forbidden in Gilead, and there is little of it in the Commanderââ¬â¢s home. Sometimes she hears Serena humming and listening to a recording of herself from the time when she was a famous gospel singer. Summer is approaching, and the house grows hot. Soon the Handmaids will be allowed to wear their summer dresses. Offred thinks about how Aunt Lydia would describe t he terrible things that used to happen to women in the old days, before Gilead, when they sunbathed wearing next to nothing. Offred remembers Moira throwing an ââ¬Å"underwhoreâ⬠party to sell sexy lingerie.She remembers reading stories in the papers about women who were murdered and raped, but even in the old days it seemed distant from her life and unrelated to her. Offred sits at the window, beside a cushion embroidered with the word Faith. It is the only word they have given her to read, and she spends many minutes looking at it. From her window, she watches the Commander get into his car and drive away. Summary: Chapter 11 Offred says that yesterday she went to the doctor. Every month, a Guardian accompanies Offred to a doctor, who tests her for pregnancy and disease.At the doctorââ¬â¢s office, Offred undresses, pulling a sheet over her body. A sheet hangs down from the ceiling, cutting off the doctorââ¬â¢s view of her face. The doctor is not supposed to see her fac e or speak to her if he can help it. On this visit, though, he chatters cheerfully and then offers to help her. He says many of the Commanders are either too old to produce a child or are sterile, and he suggests that he could have sex with her and impregnate her. His use of the word ââ¬Å"sterileâ⬠shocks Offred, for officially sterile men no longer exist. In Gilead, there are only fruitful women and barren women.Offred thinks him genuinely sympathetic to her plight, but she also realizes he enjoys his own empathy and his position of power. After a moment, she declines, saying it is too dangerous. If they are caught, they will both receive the death penalty. She tries to sound casual and grateful as she refuses, but she feels frightened. To revenge her refusal, the doctor could falsely report that she has a health problem, and then she would be sent to the Colonies with the ââ¬Å"Unwomen. â⬠Offred also feels frightened, she realizes, because she has been given a way ou t. Summary: Chapter 12It is one of Offredââ¬â¢s required bath days. The bathroom has no mirror, no razors, and no lock on the door. Cora sits outside, waiting for Offred. Offredââ¬â¢s own naked body seems strange to her, and she finds it hard to believe that she once wore bathing suits, letting people see her thighs and arms, her breasts and buttocks. Lying in the bath, she thinks of her daughter and remembers the time when a crazy woman tried to kidnap the little girl in the supermarket. The authorities in Gilead took Offredââ¬â¢s then-five-year-old child from her, and three years have passed since then.Offred has no mementos of her daughter. She remember brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-8094950768923214512020-01-08T20:34:00.001-08:002020-01-08T20:34:03.285-08:00Foreign Language Requirement - 1173 Words Foreign Language High School Requirement A survey done by the Center for Applied Linguistics in 2008 found that The findings indicate a serious disconnect between the national call to educate world citizens with high-level language skills and the current state of foreign language instruction in schools across the country(Cal:Research). This is concerning as all of the competition for the U.S. is gaining a step and we re doing nothing . If the U.S. expects to continue to be competitive in the global market we need to have bilingual citizens. In order to ensure this, we must require a foreign language be learned in high school. To fully master a language by the end of high school, a student s education of it needs to begin inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With society becoming more and more global, it will become a necessity to know a foreign language. Export business s are growing in double digits every year and foreign business s are expanding at a rapid rate (Porter). Obviously ther e is a growing need for bilinguals(Porter). At this point, there are more internet users in Asia than in North America (Foreign Language a Must for High School Graduation). The global economy is diversifying and if the U.S. expects to dominate the market we must follow the trend of our competition. In countries like Japan knowing two languages is the standard(Make Foreign Language a High School Requirement). How can we expect to compete with Japan if their workers have a big advantage over U.S. workers in knowing multiple languages. In terms of foreign language, the U.S. is lagging behind its competition and to keep up we need to follow the trend of requiring a foreign language. The opposition to requiring a foreign language in High School argue that it violates the right of students to choose some classes. They say it restricts the number of electives a student can take but a foreign language is far more important than some elective. A foreign language class is something that wil l benefit the student for the rest of their life. Students already have required classes for math, science, English, history, and a fine art, but a language is a fine art. In a foreignShow MoreRelatedForeign Language Class For Graduation Requirements2285 Words à |à 10 Pages The number of Languages spoken throughout the world is estimated to be 6,000. Although a few languages are for wider communication around the world, these are very often spoken as second, third, fourth, or later-acquired languages. Fewer than 25% of the world s approximately 200 countries recognize two or more official languages, with a mere handful recognizing more than two. Despite there being lots of bilinguals and multilinguals, there is also a bunch of monolingual people in the world. TheRead MoreAdvantages of Learning Foreign Languages711 Words à |à 3 Pagesother mouse, ââ¬Å"Do you realize how important it is to learn a foreign language?â⬠This is a joke but also a slice-of-life story. Learning a foreign language is a popular choice for many people. Even though some people believe that learning a foreign language should not be required because they do not go abroad, and it is not commonly used in daily lives, more people agree that they can get benefits from learning a foreign language. Foreign languages are useful for people who either go to another countryRead MoreThe Benefit of Liberal Arts Education Essay example904 Words à |à 4 Pages As the world becomes more specialized it raises the question, should undergraduate institutions change their curriculum requirements to better equip students? The goal of a liberal arts education is to enlighten individuals and prepare them for the complex and diverse world by requiring the study of literature, philosophy, mathematics, and sciences. As professional careers evolve into more specialized fields the argument that a liberal education is no longer needed rises. Some educators feel thatRead MoreDon t Worry, It s Of A Mexican Restaurant With Her Monolingual Daughter1346 Words à |à 6 Pagesfluent in Englishââ¬âbut in xenophobia as well. Many Americans see no point in bilingual elementary education because they view math, reading, and appeasing the system to be of higher value. However, learning a foreign language in elementary school takes advantage of the human critical period for language acquisition, meets other countries in their education systemsââ¬âcatching the United States up with the rest of the developed world, and provides abundant cognitive benefits that improve learning in variousRead MoreForeign Language Learners Behavior On Captioned Videos967 Words à |à 4 PagesGass, Sydorenko, Winke (2013) investigated foreign language learnersââ¬â¢ behavior on captioned videos. Their investigation aroused from various previous studies that showed positive evidence of the effectiveness of captioned video in improving learnersââ¬â¢ skill. However, many of prior studies did not provide exact measurement on which part(s) learners paid attention to when they watched captioned and non-captioned video. The absence of precise measurement limited the finding of the previous studiesRead MoreBilingual Vs. Foreign Language Skills Essay1565 Words à |à 7 Pagesability to speak a second or multiple languages provides a wide range of benefits. Since people who have foreign language skills surely spent much time not only in studying the langua ge itself but also in engaging with its culture, they can see things from other different perspectives, not from a single perspective. The latest study actually shows that bilingual children are more capable of understanding othersââ¬â¢ perspectives than those who speak only one language (Whyte, 2016). Moreover being multilingualRead MoreWhat The Group Must Know About How United Kingdom1511 Words à |à 7 Pagesvaried ways of how British relay information. The ability to speak a foreign language is difficult for the British for the different accents and dialects found from region to region. It was only recently in the past decade that Parliament encouraged education in foreign languages. The first meeting with the retailers must be efficient and have surmountable facts to back up the proposal the company is offering. All requirements must be met by each group member by the end of the second week beforeRead MoreApplication Of A Continuous Learning Management770 Words à |à 4 Pagestechnical training of associates to meet the requirements of business. Leadership Development Program The program focuses on grooming of future global leaders. Associates are screened for eligibility and then put in thorough rigorous and in-house-brand programs. The company also encourages associates to take up courses in premier B schools across the globe by providing sabbatical leaves. (Grooming global managers, n.d.) Foreign Language Initiative Foreign Language Initiative is a must for associates, whoRead MoreLanguage Is A Very Magic Thing1428 Words à |à 6 PagesLanguage is a very magic thing. People use the language to communicate with others, but in the society of 21 century, we cannot only know one language, people should learn other foreign language. The world becomes national now. When you go to other countries and use different language, which will make the people who donââ¬â¢t know the foreign language hard understand. The language is a bridge to connect culture, education and nation. Like America, it isa big country with a mixed culture, so there willRead MorePreschool Is Not Mandatory For Children1301 Words à |à 6 PagesPreschool is not mandatory for any child to attend, many studies have been conducted which show the benefits of high quality early education. One of those benefits is the acquisition of a new language. Parents should be fighting to make universal preschool for their children and we should be adding a foreign language to the curriculum. While we are looking for the answer to question on what does a good early education model look like; Boston Public Schools has started working on what a good starting brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-88007208111956186422019-12-31T17:00:00.001-08:002019-12-31T17:00:04.307-08:00The Asian Journal Of Social Psychology - 2270 Words Learned Behavior Learned behavior can often be compared with social learning because they both deal with the individual being affected by observing their environment. Early theories of learned behavior and social learning states ââ¬Å"humans and other organisms can in fact learn new behaviors from others they encounter in social environmentsâ⬠(Escobar, 2008). The Asian Journal of Social Psychology provides important view into the psychology of Indonesian Islamic terrorism, focusing on the Bali Bombings of 2002. The Bali Bombings consisted of a car bomb exploding outside the Sari nightclub in Bali, a popular tourist island in Indonesia. ââ¬Å"The attack was the worst terrorist incident in the history of Indonesia, with 202 civilians dead and more than 100 woundedâ⬠(Pike, 2011). Two other bombs occurred including a backpack device that a suicide bomber was carrying, and a much smaller bomb detonated outside the United States. The three brothers from Tengguin responsible for the bombings a re named Ali Ghufron, Amrozi and Ali Imron. Ghufron is the oldest in the family and served as the role model for his younger brothers. The men responsible for these terrorist attacks in 2002 were raised in ââ¬Å"environments that provide socialization processes in which Islamic values are established as guidelines for daily life, including the family environmentâ⬠(Kruglanski, 2013). The stories Ali Ghufronââ¬â¢s father would tell him as bedtime stories remembers his father as a person who taught about theShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery : The Role Of Culture And Social Contact1052 Words à |à 5 Pagesfrom an array of cultures due to social contact, and determining who is a good candidate for these specific procedures. Both articles are in fact, reputable sources, written by well educated authors that are experts on the effects of cosmetic surgeries. Kim-Pong Tam et al. was an author of ââ¬Å"Attitudes Toward Cosmetic Surgery Patients: The Role of Culture and Social Contact,â⬠discussing different cultural views regarding cosmetic surgery between Western and Asian cultures. Individuals get cosmeticRead MoreEssay on Social Connotations of Name and Well Being1548 Words à |à 7 Pagesmeasures to confirm that you are not a terrorist. Stereotypes have existed in American culture for centuries. Early in American history stereotypes of Negroes and Mexicans predominately associate them with lower-class attributes (Campbell, 1967). Major social events can have an effect on how certain groups and assemblies of individuals are perceived. On September 11, 2001, nineteen hijackers associated with al-Qaeda brutally murdered hundreds of American citizens. The terrorists commandeered several aircraftRead MoreSocial Stereotypes in America Essay1479 Words à |à 6 Pagesmeasures to confirm that you are not a terrorist. Stereotypes have existed in American culture for centuries. Early in American history stereotypes of Negroes and Mexicans predominately associate them with lower-class attributes (Campbell, 1967). Major social events can have an effect on how various groups of people are viewed. For example, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, where several individuals of Arab decent brutally murdered hundreds of unsuspecting American citizens. The terrorist hi-jackedRead MorePrejudice and Stereotyping1460 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Social science distinguishes between prejudice and stereotyping: Stereotypes involve learned generalizations about typical characteristics of members of the groups. Prejudice, on the other hand, is evaluative in origin and usually comes from felt negative conditions experienced, or perceived, in connection with an alien group (e.g., Hoyland Sears, 1940). The two, therefore, although similar in consequence are utterly distinct: one is cognitive in origin, whilst the other is evaluativeRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : The Role Of Culture And Social Contact1010 Words à |à 5 Pagesfrom an array of cultures due to social contact, and determining who is a good candidate for these specific procedures. Both articles are in fact reputable sources, written by well educated authors that are experts in the effects of cosmetic surgeries. Kim-Pong Tam et al. was an author of ââ¬Å"Attitudes Toward Cosmetic Surgery Patients: The Role of Culture and Social Contact,â⬠discussing different cultural views regarding cosmetic surgery between Western and Asian cultures. Individuals get cosmeticRead MoreExploring the Formation of ââ¬Å"Perspective Fixednessâ⬠Through Established Theories1100 Words à |à 5 Pagesan enforced stereotype is adapted into oneââ¬â¢s psychology as fact rather than a loose generalization. References Ahlfinger, N., Esser, J. K. (2001). Testing the groupthink model: Effects of promotional leadership and conformity predisposition. Social Behavior and Personality, 29(1), 31-41. doi:10.2224/sbp.2001.29.1.31 Auwarter, A. E., Aruguete, M. S. (2008). Effects of student gender and socioeconomic status on teacher perceptions. The Journal of Educational Research, 101(4), 243-246. doi:10Read MoreFamous Management Journals1231 Words à |à 5 PagesList the journals in your discipline âž ¢ List of approved journals by HEC âž ¢ List of journals in your area for ISI Thomson list âž ¢ List of some selected journals with some impact factor MPhil Human Resource Management SUBMITTED ON: 2nd March, 2012 Discipline Chosen: Management Area Chosen: HRM Journal Stated (Management): 141 HRM Journal as per ISI Thomson List: 110 Impact factor as per 2010 |SERIAL NO: |NAME OF JOURNAL Read MoreTextual Analysis About Stereotype in Crash Essay1139 Words à |à 5 Pagesage groups. For example, the black guy who robbed the car hit an Asian man and he called him ââ¬Å"Chinamanâ⬠. Is Chinese the representation of Asian? In this movie, anytime he saw Asian, he called them ââ¬Å"Chinamanâ⬠. However in the following story, I know that the Asian man is actually Korean. This example indicates that people tend to think that all the Asians are the same and usually they are recognized as Chinese. The black guy sees Asians less diverse than his group. The second concept is ââ¬Å"illusory correlationRead MoreThe Globalization of Food Culture1483 Words à |à 6 Pagesfocus for communal activities. 5. Express love and caring. 6. Express individuality. 7. Proclaim the separateness of a group. 8. Demonstrate belongingness to a group. 9. Cope with psychological or emotional stress. 10. Reward or punish. 11. Signify social status. 12. Bolster self-esteem and gain recognition. 13. Wield political and economic power. 14. Prevent, diagnose and threat physical illness. 15. Prevent, diagnose an treat psychological illness. 16. Symbolize emotional experiences. 17. DisplayRead MoreEssay on Discrimination Against Native Americans and Asians612 Words à |à 3 Pageseffects of racism and discrimination that have impacted Native Americans and Asian Americans? (1 Asian American parents believe in keeping many of their issue within the family which makes them reluctant to seek services. Because of this culture believe, Asian Americans utilize mental health services at a lower rate compared to other Americans (Sue, 1994). Socially sanctioned claims concerning Asian Americans social character or integrity helps to explain why they dont utilize services as often brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-21439982321907936872019-12-23T12:47:00.001-08:002019-12-23T12:47:03.108-08:00The Decolonization Process After The Second World War 29. The decolonization process after the Second World War resulted in the end of British hegemony in the Indian Ocean. The subsequent Cold War which ensued was again marked by superpower rivalry in the region, enhancing the regionââ¬â¢s global strategic value. When this period came to an end, the littoral countries of the IOR to a certain extent rediscovered some of the economic, social and cultural facets that made the ocean the bridge between Africa, Asia and Australia . However, regional cooperation coordination is still a far reality which is a dire necessity for overall development in the region. In the 21st century the Indian Ocean security has evolved to be multifaceted and dynamic. The emerging threats and challenges which are typically common to the entire region, range across a wide spectrum with transnational maritime crimes such as piracy, illegal immigration, human trafficking, smuggling and illegal unregulated and unreported (IUU) ï ¬ shing activities at one end t o the more serious challenges of natural disasters, climate change and even interstate maritime disputes erupting into fully ï ¬âedged confrontations at the other end . The word ââ¬ËMaritime Security deals with the prevention of illicit activities in the maritime domainââ¬â¢. In the previous chapter we have been acquainted with the geostrategic and economic importance of the region which has resulted in the shift of worldââ¬â¢s interest to this part of the maritime province. 30. Post Cold war, the security environmentShow MoreRelatedThe Theoretical Success Of Decolonization783 Words à |à 4 Pagesmarked a fundamental change in world politics. The new era of politics reflected the decreased importance of a imperial European theatre and its hierarchical society. It was during this period that the notion of imperialism became associated with opprobrium. The formation of the UN and their charter on self-determination and human rights indicated an incompatibility with European imperialism. The bipolar system of international society determined that decolonization was the best key to ensure theRead MoreThe Conflict Between Ussr And Usa During The Cold War1178 Words à |à 5 PagesThe decolonization is a process in which colonies becomes independent of the colonizing country. This process can be as violent as peaceful and most of the revolutions emerging from decolonization were lead by a strong nationalism (Collins English Dictionary, 2007). After World War II, most of the European countries did not have enough economic and political stability to sustain to the different revolts taking place in their colonies and to help them to improve social and economic developments. ButRead MoreDecolonization Of The Country Of Ghana1504 Words à |à 7 Pagesindependence became a necessity, and this type of freedom could only be obtained through a process called decolonization. Decolonization is when a country removes itself from a location it has colonized, leaving that location independent to govern over itself. The nature of this can be problematic, due to the extensive difficulties of creating a functional country with little time or practice. Decolonization originated from nationalist movements throughout the late 19th and early 20th century, andRead MoreThe French And Of Decolonization1528 Words à |à 7 Pagesshrink and deteriorate after World War Two ended, with French colonies being allowed to become independent states. The British empir e went through the same process of decolonization, but approached it in a different method from the French. The French approach not only affected the foreign relations between the new states and their former colonizer, but also affected the internal political process of France as well. Both France and Britain handled the process of decolonization poorly, which led to severalRead MoreMost Significant Period Of The 20th Century1171 Words à |à 5 Pages World war II was one of the most significant period of the 20th century. The war was fought from 1939 to 1945 in Europe, and during 1930s to 1940s in Asia. The war in Europe began with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and ended with the official surrender of Japan, the last axis nation. It was the largest armed conflict in history, involving the entire worldââ¬â¢s countries more than the other war. Not only that, WWII introducing powerful new weapons, culminating in the first use ofRead MoreDecolonization Of Afric A Long And Tedious Battle Between The Imperial Powers And The Africans884 Words à |à 4 PagesThe process of decolonization in Africa was a long and tedious battle between the imperial powers and the Africans. After World War II ended there were an independence movements around the world, especially in Africa. Africans were determined and motivated to gain back their independence after being under European rule for years. During this period of decoloniz ation in Africa there was an emergence of nationalism among the African people. This time is history is considered the second wave of AfricanRead MoreViolence As A Cleansing Force Essay1686 Words à |à 7 PagesThe third aspect of the function of violence in decolonization is violence as a cleansing force. For Fanon, in the process of decolonization, violence liberates the consciousness of the oppressed people by erasing their inferiority complex: At the level of individuals, violence is a cleansing force. It frees the native from his inferiority complex and from his despair and inaction; it makes him fearless and restores his self-respect. [. . .] When the people have taken violent part in the nationalRead MoreDecolonization and the Rise of the Third World2024 Words à |à 9 PagesDecolonization and the Rise of the Third World Where the Major factors leading to the first wave of decolonization in the 1950ââ¬â¢s and 60ââ¬â¢s Contents Page Introduction 2 History and origin of Decolonization 3 The Major factors leading to the first wave of 4 Decolonization in the 1950ââ¬â¢s and 60ââ¬â¢s Conclusion BibliographyRead MoreWas Singapores Decolonization Process Different from Its Neighbours in Southeast Asia? Explain Your Answer.1697 Words à |à 7 Pageshistorians perspective, decolonization was one of the most important developments of the twentieth century because it turned the world into the stage of history. Therefore, it is of no surprise that much historical research has been devoted to this phenomenon; and the various nuances among the decolonization processes undergone by the various Southeast Asian countries have been of interest. For the purpose of this essay, I shall define Ãâdecolonization as the process whereby colonial powers transferredRead MoreDecolonization : The Wretched Of The Earth 250 )1737 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe interest of the colonized (Gordon 77). As a result, Fanon insists that decolonization entails a violent struggle between two parties since decolonization is the replacing of a certain species of men by another species of men (The Wretched of the Earth 35). In other words, if decolonization is a process in which The last [native] shall be first and the first [settler] last, this will only come to pass after a murderous and decisive struggle between two protagonists (37). In these brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-145215730560336548.post-88715732851353996902019-12-15T09:17:00.001-08:002019-12-15T09:17:05.466-08:00Organ Sales Free Essays Selling Organs Many people are dying each day because of the lack of organs available. Waiting lists can be as long as 106,000 people. On an average 17 patients in need of transplants die each day. We will write a custom essay sample on Organ Sales or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is this fair to the families or is selling organs a better option? What are the benefits of organ selling and should it be made legal? By legalizing organ selling we would be saving lives. People sell organs on the black market every day; the downfall to this is that the surgeons that remove the organs are not always sanitary or certified. The article legalizing paid organs: pros and cons states ââ¬Å"Establishing a federal agency to oversee organ sales will cut dialysis costs and save lives, of both patients in need of new kidneys and those selling or receiving kidneys illegally by unregulated surgeons. â⬠This is a good point, the organs would be ensured safe. The people donating would be more motivated to donate more organs if there was an incentive of making money. Some people fear that, ââ¬Å"The lawful sale of organs would legitimize human sacrifice. â⬠Although this might be true successful transplants depended on knowledge of characteristics of the donor. The origin of the organ to be sold must be known for it to be used. Although many fear legalization of this may bring about a ââ¬Å"sacrifice spreeâ⬠others realize that, ââ¬Å"The black market cannot be regulated, but its purpose would be defeated if the sale of organs became lawfulâ⬠. Also legalizing organ selling will create an unlevel playing field. Meaning that people that could not afford to buy an organ would die and the wealthy people will live. The selling of organs impacts health care workers in many ways. One way could include that the organ is harvested in an unsafe environment causing communicable infections. This puts not only the health care worker at risk but also the other patients. A health care worker could feel responsible if a person that has been on a waiting list dies due to the lack of organs when some other patient bought their organ and lived. An example being that a 4 year old boy dies because a 60 year old man bought an organ that the boy would need. This could place unwanted emotional distress on the medical professionals. A health care worker is also put in an ethical dilemma when they do not know where the organ was harvested from. This meaning that the organ may have been stolen from an unwilling donor and then sold. It could also mean someone was murdered in order to harvest and sell the organs for the sake of profit. I personally feel that they should legalize selling organs but it would need to be regulated. I feel that people selling the organs must first sign a waiver stating what organs they are willing to sell. They then would need to be harvested in a safe sanitary environment by a trained professional. I think that after selling the organs they would then be monitored for a period of time to ensure the safety of the patient. I think that the organs should be then given to the people on the waiting list. People would not be allowed to buy the organs they would go in order with the list. I feel that by giving people the incentive to sell organs buy offering a small amount of money the number of people willing to donate will increase significantly. Where does the money come from that they use to pay the donor? That will be taken off the bill from the hospitals. Surgeons are overpaid as it is, by deducting a small fee towards the donation process it will help in balancing the outcomes. The surgeon will however make up the difference by performing more transplant operations, so by legalizing the sale of organs it will in return solve many of the problems we face with the donation process today. Sources: Human Organs, Sale of http://www. idebate. org/debatabase/topic_details. php? topicID=141 Legalizing paid organ donation http://www. researchsea. com/html/article. php/aid/561/cid/6/research/legalizing_paid_organ_donation__pros_and_cons. html Legal Issues in Payment of Living Donors for Solid Organs http://www. abanet. org/irr/hr/spring03/livingdonors. html How to cite Organ Sales, Papers brianricha76http://www.blogger.com/profile/05044030694925895133noreply@blogger.com0