How I Can Become An Ideal Project Manager - 1619 Words

Since I have no experience as a project manager, according what I have collected from above literatures and what I have perceived in my own point of view, I have the following ideas of how I can become an ideal project manager. 1. To be a leader During the past years of working, I have always played the role of team member but never tried to lead a team to actually accomplish a project, so the most challenging trait for me to learn as a project manager is to be a leader. I now know that a project leader should do a lot more than plan, organise, control, coordinate, monitor and closure. While such activities are all very important and must be correctly done, those functions are not enough for a good leader to accomplish. That is to say,†¦show more content†¦3) Leadership means dealing with risks During the process of a project, various kind of risk is inevitable because of uncertainties. There is always possibility for threats which may harm the success or completion of the project. As a leader, it is best to eliminate the risk before it really cause any loss of the project, which requires prospective and forward thinking. They are always looking for better ways to take actions on potential risks. And when risk really happens, leaders should be able to take the procedure to minimize the adverse effect of a possible loss, which requires fresh information at any time. The leader should be competent to abstract useful information and find the most efficient ways to deal with risks. 4) Leadership means the ability to motivate those around you To motivate people to realize their maximum potential, a good leader can is get all the team members to perform enthusiastically, confidently. As people around you are from different cultures, motivating implies listening, trusting, empowering, coaching, enable them to work discreetly and creatively. 2. Capable of continual and effective monitor Control and monitor are an important part of every project manager’s job, in this part, the project manager should always think about how to keep the project on-track, on time and within budget. To be honest, I am not a very persistent man, so keepShow MoreRelatedInnovation Management - Role of the Accounting Function867 Words   |  4 PagesIf you ever become a marketer, then your friend in the company should be the accountant These were the words of advise given to me by my Marketing professor at Red McCombs School of Business in University of Texas, Austin. I recall this statement every time I think of costs involved in new product development or in every marketing endeavor I undertake. The above words also applies to all persons leading an Innovation projects: Be it new product development, process improvement or researchRead MoreResource Scheduling Is A Process Of Selecting Goal Completion Dates For Sub System852 Words   |  4 Pagespre-arranged style for an overall delivered solution. Project managers use this tool to properly arrange goals based on time constraints given in a set of demands. There are numerous methods to determine resource scheduling, benefits and challenges to using (or not using) resource scheduling, and provided will be an example of how resource scheduling was used by my college research team to develop and select an expansion of business in the role of project manager with the use of resource scheduling. The benefitsRead MoreWhy I Want to Be a Business Analysis678 Words   |  3 Pagesvillage in India, I undertook a study on the application of technology to bring about positive changes in the life of rural population. We worked to understand the problems which the villagers faced and then suggested solutions which leveraged the information technology. As a part of this study, I was surprised to see the widespread impact of the solutions we suggested to them. It was thrilling to see the impact of our suggestions within the scope of such a small-scale project. This was my firstRead MoreWhy I Interested Pursuing Pursue A Business Degree Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesI am interested in pursuing a degree in business because there are a variety of job opportunities within the field. My parents also owned their own business, which was the main reason I wanted to pursue a business degree. I was inspired by their work ethics, and how they overcame their struggles and obtained success within their business and recognition in society. Originally, my major was in management. However, I have recently become more interested in an ISOM major after attending an Ask theRead MoreMy Career Capst one Assignment : Golf Professional And As A Marketing Manager1517 Words   |  7 Pagesmy Career Capstone Assignment I will look into the description of and what entails as a head golf professional and as a marketing manager. A head golf professional usually runs the golf Pro Shop, gives lessons, sells merchandise, makes tee times and runs tournaments for golfers. A marketing manager manages the marketing resource of products or Business’s and generates interest in a product or service. I plan to explain what exactly these occupations are and how you can obtain these jobs after collegeRead MoreProject Management : A Successful Project Manager973 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessful Project Manager, one must know how to go about managing projects successfully. Not every project is the same therefore not every project should be handled the same. A project manager must decipher all factors and determine what is most important, how the project will be handled and then and only the n can an appropriate project methodology be selected and implemented. Like the sands thorough the hourglass, so are the days of project management, ever-changing. Not all projects will fitRead MoreSample Resume : Employee Reimbursement Process1031 Words   |  5 Pagesyourself: I am a current MSA student with expected graduation of Dec 2016. I am a dedicated accounting professional looking for a full time job opportunity as an auditor. I have worked at UIC School of Public Health as an accountant for 16 months. I expedited employee reimbursement process by reducing payment processing time by about two weeks. I also created a system to reconcile expenses and revenues with financial reports both physically and electronically. As a part of my job, I inform fellowRead MoreInspiring A Shared Vision As A Leader842 Words   |  4 PagesConsulting is to Inspire a Shared Vision. Per Barry Posner, â€Å"Leaders passionately believe that they can make a difference. They envision the future, creating an ideal and unique image of what the organization can become. They breathe life into their visions and get people to see exciting possibilities beyond the horizon. They listen to the hopes and aspirations of others, so that by incorporating these, people can enlist in a shared dream about the future. The purpose of Inspiring a Shared Vision as a leaderRead MoreProject Engineer : The Shear Complexity Of The Project1571 Words   |  7 Pages PROJECT ENGINEER QUESTIONNAIRE What did/do you like about your current position? What I liked most about my previous project engineer intern position was the shear complexity of the project. Hundreds of workers for numerous subcontractors used to be present every day on site and the management of their activities, quality, schedule and cost of the project was challenging and exciting. What frustrates you about your previous/current position? I spent a major amount of time managing the documentRead MoreAssignment #1: Best Practices Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesJanuary 4, 2013 BUS 5668: Cases in Applied Project Management Assignment #1: Best Practices From 1940 to present, Project Management has continuously advanced from line managers using a small set of processes that were considered nice to have to the formal assignment of one individual assigned as the Project Manager that utilized a formal methodology by which to manage the project. Often the term â€Å"best practices† is referenced within a defined methodology. Why must an organization capture best

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

The Conceptual Framework of the Health Promotion Model

Conceptual frame work The theoretical frame work for the present study was developed from the Health Promotion Model. The health promotion model was proposed by Nola J Pender – PhD, RN, FAAN – a well known former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan (1982, revised in 1996). This model was designed as a complementary counterpart to the models of health protection. The model defines health as a positive dynamic state of health and not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed towards increasing a client’s level of well being. The model described the various multi-dimensional nature of person as they are consistently interacting within their environment to pursue optimal levels of health.29 Nola J Pender defined her concepts into two broad classification, health promotion and health protection. Health promotion is the behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and to actualize potentiality of human health. It is an approach to wellness of health. Nola J Pender described health protection or illness prevention as behavior motivated desire to actively avoid illness, to detect it at an early stage and to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.30 The models identifies that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that can bring about subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified throughShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Model Of Nursing1353 Words   |  6 Pages Health Promotion Model Amy D. Kramer Point Loma Nazarene University â€Æ' Introduction Nursing theory is important to the profession of nursing as it provides guidance to practice and helps to broaden nursing knowledge. Although nursing theory can be traced back to Florence Nightingale’s pioneer work during and after the Crimean War, it was not until the twentieth century that theory development in the nursing profession became a major part of discussion and implementation (AlligoodRead MorePender s Health Promotion Model1128 Words   |  5 PagesPender’s Health Promotion Model Theoretical Framework Analysis Alison Kascher Simmons College â€Æ' Health promotion is defined as the process of empowering individuals to make healthy lifestyle choices and motivating them to become better self-managers (Ricketts, 2014). Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) focuses on increasing a person’s level of well-being and identifies the multifaceted nature of individuals as they interact with their environment to pursue health (Health Promotion Model, 2013)Read MoreConceptual Framework For Addressing Functional Decline1531 Words   |  7 PagesConceptual framework for addressing functional decline in elderly Health is probably the most significant aspect of human life as it allows individuals to properly experience the nature of one’s existence and surroundings. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of physical and psychosocial wellness and not simply the absence of diseases or illnesses (Callahan, 1973). On a personal level, health can be defined as an ability to carry out day-to-day activities without loss of independenceRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote health. The socialRead MoreOrganization For Economic Co Operation And Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesExhibit 5.1 in the text demonstrates per capita health expenditures of selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2007 (Feldstein, 2011). The original data source is shown in Appendix A. The updated data source for comparison of selected countries, as reflected in the Exhibit 5.1 of the text, is shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1. Updated Data Source for OECD Selected Countries Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014Read MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreThe Grand Nursing Theory Chosen By The Future Apn Is Roy s Model Of Adaptation943 Words   |  4 PagesThe grand nursing theory chosen by the future APN is Roy’s Model of Adaptation. In 1970, Sister Callista Roy identified the need for conceptual frameworks to be developed in order to have a foundation from which to build nursing knowledge. She developed the Model of Adaptation based on her theory that all patients must adapt to his/her given situations; we as nurses must guide and encourage positive adaptation for our patients (Roy, 1970). Roy’s grand theory addressed all four of Fawcett’s conceptsRead MoreEvaluation Of Evidence And Literature1508 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Evidence and Literature The initial database searched was the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature or CINAHL with full text. To ensure data received remained relevant and in compliance with the most recent guidelines the search was limited to information released within the last 5 years. The search was advance further by limiting the results to full text, peer reviewed, and only information pertaining to a population restriction of those ages 45-64 or middle aged. KeyRead MoreCore Concept Across Nursing Theories Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesclients’ health status that is crucial for effective decision making and implementation. Notably, these theories are based on certain concepts that are essential for guiding nursing practice. While nursing theorists have developed different theories and models, these theories or models are based on some common core concepts. Core Concept in Two Contemporary Nursing Theories The understanding of nursing theories first requires the definition of a conceptual model, concept, and conceptual frameworksRead MoreNola Pender s Health Promotion Model888 Words   |  4 PagesNola Pender’s health promotion model is an organizing structure that establishes how nurses and patients can work together to aid individuals in achieving optimal health outcomes through health promotion engagement. The model of health promotion is multifaceted in the nature that it is applicable across the lifespan in various settings and situations and has also been revised to mirror more effective outcomes of patient well-being. The model’s development was based primarily on Pender’s life experiences

Competitive Intelligence In The Business World Commerce Essay Free Essays

string(130) " intelligence Strategic intelligence represents competitory intelligence provided in support of strategic determination devising\." In today ‘s fast changing concern universe, no-one likes surprises. The ability to be pro-active and non reactive is one of the greatest techniques for making value within an organisation. This requires a uninterrupted procedure of transforming information into intelligence so that a company can pull off the hereafter. We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Intelligence In The Business World Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wining a conflict in the concern country implies, like in any other confrontation, cognizing your opposition, in this instance, the competition, really good. The director can non do a feasible scheme, founded entirely on information about his company. A competitory scheme means that one is competitory because he differentiates himself from the others. And for this, one has to cognize what the others are making. Nowadays the CEO ‘s demand a warning system which can seasonably present the relevant information from the concern environment, so that they are able to do determinations with a unafraid degree of certainty that allows the company to keep its competitory advantage. The market globalisation and the velocity of scientific discipline and engineering development require the use of supervising systems, capable of placing chance niches indispensable for the growing of the companies. One of the best tools for doing this possible is Competitive Intelligence. This instrument supports the strategic planning in every company. Competitive intelligence in concern organisations has benefited greatly from military and authorities intelligence patterns and cognition. Many of the innovators in the concern intelligence community migrated from a assortment of governmental organisations. They brought a set of constructs and penetrations that have been refined over centuries. Most notably, Sun Tzu ‘s authoritative work on military intelligence is widely read, and he is credited with being the male parent of intelligence. This construct has proven, along the old ages, its end ( actionable intelligence that will supply a competitory border ) and advantages when applied right. Still, most midsize houses lack dedicated competitory intelligence operations, despite the fact that most concern leaders recognize that their success depends on looking frontward and traveling more rapidly that the competition. Harmonizing to Ben Gilad and Leonard Fuld, competitory intelligence ( CI ) is the action of ethically and lawfully assemblage, analysing, and pass oning information about 3rd party participants in one ‘s competitory sphere – from rivals, to providers, clients, act uponing parties, regulators, distributers, possible new rivals, and so forth, to be used by companies in their planning and determination devising. The procedure of roll uping, hive awaying, analysing and pass oning this market intelligence is today an institutionalised procedure in most big companies. Done decently, this helps a company avoid surprises by expecting rivals ‘ moves and diminishing response clip. Put merely, competitory intelligence is a method of roll uping and analysing information that lets companies place possible alterations sing rivals before these become obvious. Datas can be gathered from public or private beginnings, from networking with a rival ‘s staff or clients or from research in the field. A cardinal regulation is that all activity must be legal. CI practicians must besides unwrap their individualities at all times and non cod information under false pretences. Direct Beginnings Passive – Web Company sites Portals Search engine – Imperativeness releases – Industry ( market ) analysis – Financial Analysts – Employment Ad Active – Trade shows – Technical conferences – Employment – Meetings and programs Indirect Beginnings – Customer interviews – Customer studies – Gross saless forces – Rep and distributers – Suppliers and spouses – Former employees The footing of competitory intelligence is cognizing the difference between information and intelligence. This will assist directors acquire on the route to more efficient determination devising. Information is factual. Its Numberss, statistics, disseminated spots of informations about people and companies and what they ‘ve been making that seems to be of involvement. Information frequently appears to be stating you something but in world it ‘s non. One ca n’t do good determinations based on information no affair how accurate the information is or no affair how comprehensive it is. Intelligence, on the other manus, is a aggregation of information pieces which have been filtered and analyzed. It has been turned into something that can be acted upon. Intelligence is what directors need to do determinations, non information. Another term for intelligence is knowledge. Milestones in the development of competitory intelligence Organizations collected commercial intelligence since the first trade took topographic point. Books on organisational intelligence aggregation appeared every bit back as the 60 ‘s but these early efforts at formal intelligence activities for concerns remained largely academic and instead uneffective until 1980, when Michael Porter of Harvard Business School published his book, â€Å" Competitive-Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors † which laid down the theoretical foundation for applied CI. In the late 70 ‘s Fuld A ; Co and Washington Researchers were the boosters which offered competitory research to corporate clients. In 1986 the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals was founded in the U.S. Accepting the importance of competitory intelligence, major transnational corporations, such as ExxonMobil, Procter A ; Gamble, and Johnson and Johnson, have created formal CI units. Importantly, organisations execute competitory intelligence activities non merely as a precaution to protect against market menaces and alterations, but besides as a method for happening new chances and tendencies. The first professional enfranchisement plan ( CIP ) was created in 1996 with the constitution of The Fuld-Gilad-Herring Academy of Competitive Intelligence in Cambridge, MA. Variations of competitory intelligence Over clip, concerns recognized a signifier of intelligence that was called in assorted ways ( competitory intelligence, concern intelligence, corporate intelligence, competitory information or commercial intelligence ) , but most of the experts have settled to name it competitory intelligence. Regardless of the term that we use, CI is the usage of public beginnings to develop informations about rivals and the market environment and its transmutation in useable information, thorough analysis. When believing about CI, public information refers to the information that one can entree lawfully and ethically. Publicly does non intend needfully published information. The most normally recognized fluctuations of CI are: strategic intelligence rival intelligence ( McGonagle and Vella ) proficient intelligence market intelligence 1. Strategic intelligence Strategic intelligence represents competitory intelligence provided in support of strategic determination devising. This means supplying the highest degrees of direction information on the competitory, economic and political environment in which companies operate now and in which they will run in the hereafter ( See David b. Francis â€Å" Your rivals: who will they be? † Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no.1 1997: 16-23 ) . This type of intelligence by and large supports the senior direction for the overall scheme. The most common applications are in the development of strategic programs, capital investings, political hazard appraisal, amalgamations, acquisitions, joint ventures, corporate programs, R A ; D planning ( See Edwin Ruhil and Sybille Sachs â€Å" Challenges for strategic competitory intelligence and the corporate degree † , Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 4 1997: 54-64 ) . Strategic intelligence involves the appraisal of a house ‘s direct rivals, the competition environment and its indirect rivals, but an every bit of import portion is the development of intelligence on the long-term alterations caused by all of the forces driving the industry competition ( Larry Kennedy â€Å" Competitive intelligence in concern procedure technology: a survey at digital equipment corporation † Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 2 1997: 8-13 ) . The focal point has to be on factors as engineering tendencies, political hazards and regulative developments. It is designed to warn the company of impending jobs and alarm it to upcoming chances, ever in clip to take needed action ( Mark Sullivan, â€Å" Using competitory intelligence to develop a strategic direction action- oriented measuring system † , Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no 2 1997: 34-43. ) . 2. Rival intelligence Competitor intelligence is the usage of public beginnings to turn up and develop informations that are so transformed into information about rivals, their capablenesss, current activities, programs and purposes. The function of this type of intelligence is to assist the operating directors within strategic concern units or merchandise directors and other people involved in the procedure of merchandise or concern development. 3. Market intelligence Market intelligence is intelligence developed on the really current activities in the market place ( See Kenneth A. Sawka, â€Å" Warning Analysis: a hazardous concern † , Competitive Intelligence Review 8, no. 4, 1997:83-84 ) . Market intelligence depends on extremely developed package tools and analytical accomplishments extremely trained people to supply market cognition, professional expertness and selling penetration. The information should be received fast and detailed so that they enable a house to happen out information sing the success of failure of its merchandise publicity, the following moves of the rivals sing their publicities and possibilities of cross-promoting the merchandise. Frequently users of market intelligence are marketing sections and market planning section because they use the feedback on the success or failure of old gross revenues attempts. 4. Technical intelligence Technical intelligence activities enable a house to react fast to menaces and to place the chances which result from proficient and scientific development. It is believed that TI is a map which if it is executed decently, could ensue in a economy of 10 to 100 times the investing in the map ( See Davis C. Pring, â€Å" Competitive Intelligence and Market Research: Filling the Gaps † in Global positions on CI, erectile dysfunction. John E. Prescott and Patrick T. Gibbons, 1993, 223-239 ) . Technical intelligence can supply information about the methods and procedures used by the rivals, their dependance on outside engineering, patents or new engineering acquired, the capablenesss of the rivals ‘ R A ; D staff, appraisals about outgos for this section. TI chiefly focuses on technological tendency instead than on the market 1s. A portion of the experts considers that it should be more concerned about the chances of the house, than on the menaces to the house. Active and defensive CI When CI started to go popular, there was no treatment of anything besides the actions designed to roll up information about the rivals, called active rival intelligence. During its development, analysts started to recognize that what they were making, it could be go oning to them besides. This led to a new involvement towards activities that were destined to protect companies against CI activities from other companies, called defensive rival intelligence. Active CI procedures are those aimed at roll uping natural informations every bit good as analysing those informations to supply finished intelligence. The end of a defensive plan is to do life much more hard for your rival ‘s intelligence analysts, so they will give your house more operating flexibleness. Counterintelligence is the procedure of countering, forestalling the intelligence garnering attempt of other parties, your rivals. It has to be understood as a portion of an on-going procedure. This plan ‘s effectivity is measured through minimisation of losingss due to the competitory intelligence attempt of the rivals. Many companies are really careful to protect their physical buttocks, but it is far more of import to protect the intangible assets of the company. Cloaked rivals are those that protect themselves from the intelligence assemblage attempts of their rivals. For making this, the most of import facet is to understand how rivals work, which channels they use, and the techniques they use. One has to deprive rivals of a few cardinal pieces of informations that are critical for the large image of the analysis ( Deborah C. Sawyer, â€Å" Specifying your competition: Dardan Horses, Fifth Columns, and other menaces † , competitory intelligence magazine 3, April -June: 45-46 ) . Implementing competitory intelligence – the CI procedure Although the chief occupation of competitory intelligence is to back up direction determination devising, holding a methodical competitory intelligence system in topographic point can assist the company address many different issues. A methodical competitory intelligence plan can: Anticipate alterations in the market place. Anticipate actions of rivals. Discover new or possible rivals. Learn from the successes and failures of others. Increase the scope and quality of profitable marks. Learn about new engineerings, merchandises and processes that affect the company ‘s concern. Learn about political, legislative or administrative alterations that can impact the company ‘s concern. Enter new concerns. Expression at the company ‘s ain concern patterns with an unfastened head. Help implement the latest direction tools. The CI procedure is most normally divided into four basic phases, which make up what is known as the CI rhythm: Planning: this means set uping the demands of the company. On one manus, the directors of the company acknowledge the demand for CI and, on the other manus, they define what sort of CI the company needs. It besides means what inquiries the directors want to reply with the CI, who else may be utilizing CI, and how, by whom, and when the CI will eventually be used.This is besides the portion of the rhythm in which the competitory intelligence practician decides which class he should take in carry throughing his undertaking. This phase can besides be thought of as the other terminal of the intelligence rhythm because one time specific intelligence is delivered to the determination shaper his consecutive actions – based on that intelligence – will excite farther intelligence demands. The company ‘s state of affairs will surely alter based on those actions. Gathering: this stage involves the existent assemblage of natural information from which intelligence will be produced. The huge bulk of aggregation stuffs are public sphere significance they are available to anyone who knows where to look. Beginnings include periodicals, one-year studies, books, broadcasts, addresss, databases and so on. Creative aggregators can normally happen anything they need lawfully and ethically. Collection besides involves treating information so that it can be transmitted and stored electronically if desired. Once in electronic signifier it can be manipulated into a signifier which allows it to be analyzed. Analysis: this is by and large considered the most hard portion of the intelligence rhythm. Analysis requires great accomplishments and daring because it requires the analyst to weigh information, expression for forms and come up with different scenarios based on what he has learned. Even though analysis is based on logic and difficult information, analysts must sometimes ‘fill in the spaces ‘ and do intelligent conjectures about possible results. Dissemination: this measure involves administering the intelligence merchandise to those who requested it. It ‘s the clip when the analysts will propose possible classs of action based on his work. He must be able to stress his recommendations and support them with logical statements. The ensuing intelligence will besides be distributed to others in the company who can utilize it. The concluding signifier of the CI, every bit good as its timeliness/opportuneness and security are of import considerations. Surveies have shown that the distribution of the attempt the CI professionals spend among these four phases of the CI rhythm is about as follows: Needs – 20 % Gathering – 30 % Analysis – 40 % Dissemination – 10 % The component that runs through and straight links all the stages of the CI rhythm is the demand to supervise, on a uninterrupted footing, what the company has done and how good. The end is to supply feedback from each stage to the other three of the CI rhythm. By making this, the company can better both the merchandise of an single assignment and the full CI procedure even as the organisation is utilizing it. Feedback to and from each stage of CI to all others is indispensable. That feedback generates a changeless reappraisal that seeks to raise and so reply inquiry like: Are the CI marks still rectify? Should the CI unit attention deficit disorder or delete marks, countries of involvement and so on? â€Å" Know the enemy and cognize yourself ; in a 100 conflicts you will ne’er be in hazard † Sun Tsu: The Art of the War Best Practices There are several points that we need to see throughout the competitory intelligence procedure. Undertakings to be performed by CI Professionals ( See CI Education Harvard Style by Ben Gilad, Competitive Intelligence Magazine, Volume 6, Number 4 ) : Go beyond internet hunts: collect from human resources. Travel beyond public databases: roll up hard-to-get information from less obvious beginnings. Go beyond rivals: analyze whole markets and industries. Go beyond inactive analysis and current market statistics: predict alteration. Travel beyond marketing intelligence: understand finance and cost accounting. Travel beyond selling, finance, and cost: understand scheme. Go beyond scheme: understand hazard. Time is critical Awkwardness is the enemy of competitory intelligence. Having cognition about something three hebdomads after you need to move is of small value. One needs to inquire himself, from where will he acquire the information and how long will it take. This requires a really deliberate and strong competitory intelligence attempt. Without a serious committedness to competitory intelligence, clip will wipe out whatever hope one has for effectual decision-making. The aim should be to shut the spread between when the event occurred and when 1 has the cognition to move. Remain Impersonal Although it ‘s non easy, it is critical that competitory intelligence remains free of prejudice, supplying impersonal type consequences. Competitive intelligence is non intended to back up an bing direction determination. Good competitory intelligence should talk the truth and allow direction make up one’s mind how it wants to continue. One manner to guarantee that competitory intelligence is impersonal, is to do it independent, similar to other independent maps such as internal auditing. Besides, where one places competitory intelligence within the organisation can act upon the â€Å" freedom † that competitory intelligence has. Alternatively of doing it a sub-section of selling, make competitory intelligence accessible to all maps. The CI Function tends to suit good with maps like Strategic Planning and Knowledge Management. Large Egos putting to deaths CI – One ground competitory intelligence is non widely used is simple – it can be really unpopular. Competitive intelligence can belie what direction has been recommending. And if direction is non willing to listen to competitory intelligence, so it will hold small value. Travel where the information is Sometimes competitory intelligence can be extremely effectual through insouciant and obvious beginnings of information ( See Guy Kawasaki – How to drive your competition loony ) . There are some simple stairss for understanding the competition: Shop the competition, go a client of the competition, query the rival ‘s clients, inquire the authorities about the competition and go friends with a research bibliothec. One of the more clip devouring activities within competitory intelligence can be roll uping and categorising information. So cognizing where to look can be half the conflict. One needs to pass clip speaking to people who are in the know. Challenge conventional thought Great competitory intelligence will dispute direction to believe in new ways. There are excessively many alterations taking topographic point in the universe today. There is no manner direction should be comfy with the position quo. Therefore, competitory intelligence should intentionally prove and formalize critical direction determinations. Similarly, direction should welcome and promote competitory intelligence to dispute both tactical and strategic decision-making. Competitive intelligence should be a world cheque. The Learning Organization – Competitive Intelligence becomes priceless when it changes the behaviour of an organisation. This is best accomplished when the organisation becomes a learning organisation. Act ethically Competitive intelligence should non prosecute in illegal Acts of the Apostless. Additionally, competitory intelligence should non endanger the repute of a company. Fuld A ; Company recommends the undermentioned 10 commandments of competitory intelligence: 1. Make non lie when stand foring yourself. 2. Detect your company ‘s legal guidelines. 3. Make non in secret enter an interview if it is against the jurisprudence. 4. Make non publish a payoff. 5. Make non utilize listen ining devices. 6. Make non misdirect anyone in an interview. 7. Make non trade monetary value information or capacity with a viing company. 8. Make non administer or interchange misinformation. 9. Make non steal a trade secret. 10. Make non knowingly pump person for information that could give that individual ‘s occupation or repute. CI is non descrying – Some people equate competitory intelligence with descrying. Competitive Intelligence is non about descrying, it ‘s about cognition. Partner with Risk Management Over the last several old ages, there has been increased accent on Risk Management – protecting the company from unexpected losingss. However, Risk Management is really internally focused ; things like control processs within the company, security precautions, mandates and blessings, transparence in coverage, and so away. Since hazard direction is internal, we need to congratulate hazard direction with competitory intelligence. The ground is simple – Curie is externally focussed and these external forces have major hazard deductions. Therefore, it is highly of import to unite RM and CI for a comprehensive attack to put on the line direction. Human intelligence Intelligence collected and analyzed by and from human beginnings is frequently the finding factor behind your intelligence capablenesss. Those organisations with extended human beginnings as opposed to over-reliance on published beginnings will hold superior competitory intelligence capablenesss. This will take to increased effectivity in strategic decision-making, giving the company a cardinal competitory advantage. Infrastructure before package No uncertainty that many professionals will seek out a package solution to competitory intelligence. Although engineering can assist ( and it continues to germinate ) , the director should concentrate most of his attempts on constructing the substructure ( staffing, preparation, processes, etc. ) associated with competitory intelligence. One should n’t work in contrary, coercing the procedures to suit some package solution – design the procedures foremost and so supplement the competitory intelligence with investings in basic engineerings. Additionally, one may desire to leverage bing engineerings, such as internal databases, intranets and other applications for constructing your CI substructure. World Class CI takes clip – The usual clip required to construct a first competitory intelligence plan is between 5 and 7 old ages. How to cite Competitive Intelligence In The Business World Commerce Essay, Essay examples